svn commit: r44389 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks
Warren Block
wblock at FreeBSD.org
Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 UTC 2014
Author: wblock
Date: Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014
New Revision: 44389
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44389
Log:
Recover lost <replaceable> tags.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml Sun Mar 30 02:31:02 2014 (r44388)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014 (r44389)
@@ -560,20 +560,20 @@ add path 'da*' mode 0660 group operator<
the user that is to mount the file system. One way to do that
is for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
create a subdirectory owned by that user as
- <filename>/mnt/username</filename>. In the following example,
+ <filename class="directory">/mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></filename>. In the following example,
replace <replaceable>username</replaceable> with the login
name of the user and <replaceable>usergroup</replaceable> with
the user's primary group:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/username</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chown username:usergroup /mnt/username</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>chown <replaceable>username</replaceable>:<replaceable>usergroup</replaceable> /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Suppose a <acronym>USB</acronym> thumbdrive is plugged in,
and a device <filename>/dev/da0s1</filename> appears. If the
device is preformatted with a FAT file system, it can be
mounted using:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Before the device can be unplugged, it
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be unmounted first. After device
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
file system that is an image of a directory tree in the &unix;
file system name space. The simplest usage is:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkisofs -o <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> <replaceable>/path/to/tree</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<indexterm>
<primary>file systems</primary>
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
installed as <filename>/usr/sbin/burncd</filename>. Usage is
very simple, as it has few options:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f <replaceable>cddevice</replaceable> data <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> fixate</userinput></screen>
<para>This command will burn a copy of
<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> on
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
usage is simple. Burning an ISO 9660 image is done
with:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdrecord dev=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>The tricky part of using <command>cdrecord</command> is
finding the <option>dev</option> to use. To find the proper
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ scsibus1:
<para>Use <command>cdrecord</command> to write the
<filename>.wav</filename> files:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo *.wav</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdrecord -v dev=<replaceable>2,0</replaceable> -dao -useinfo *.wav</userinput></screen>
<para>Make sure that <replaceable>2,0</replaceable> is set
appropriately, as described in <xref
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ scsibus1:
<step>
<para>The <acronym>ATAPI</acronym> <acronym>CD</acronym>
driver makes each track available as
- <filename>/dev/acddtnn</filename>, where
+ <filename>/dev/acd<replaceable>d</replaceable>t<replaceable>nn</replaceable></filename>, where
<replaceable>d</replaceable> is the drive number, and
<replaceable>nn</replaceable> is the track number written
with two decimal digits, prefixed with zero as needed. So
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ scsibus1:
files, and that <command>burncd</command> should fixate
the disk when finished:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f /dev/acd0 audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> audio track1.cdr track2.cdr <replaceable>...</replaceable> fixate</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
mount a <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> on
<filename>/mnt</filename>, type the following:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> /mnt</userinput></screen>
<para>As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, run the
following command to get the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> address
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<filename>/path/to/data</filename>, use the following
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>In this example, <option>-J -R</option> is passed to
&man.mkisofs.8; to create an ISO 9660 file system with Joliet
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>To burn a pre-mastered image, such as
<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable>, use:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>The write speed should be detected and automatically set
according to the media and the drive being used. To force the
@@ -1326,11 +1326,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>To create this type of ISO file:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>To burn files directly to a disk:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>When an ISO image already contains large files, no
additional options are required for &man.growisofs.1; to
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<filename>/path/to/video</filename>, the following command
should be used to burn the DVD-Video:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -dvd-video <replaceable>/path/to/video</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para><option>-dvd-video</option> is passed to &man.mkisofs.8;
to instruct it to create a DVD-Video file system layout.
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
is possible to use <command>dvd+rw-format</command> to format
the <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that
only virgin <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> medias need to be
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
to be blanked first. Instead, write over the previous
recording like this:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/newdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>The <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> format supports appending
data to a previous recording. This operation consists of
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>For example, to append data to a
<acronym>DVD+RW</acronym>, use the following:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/nextdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>The same &man.mkisofs.8; options used to burn the
initial session should be used during next writes.</para>
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>To blank the media, use:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>/dev/zero</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>To blank a <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in sequential
mode:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>A full blanking using <option>-blank=full</option> will
@@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
(DAO) mode. To burn the <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in DAO
mode, use the command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Since &man.growisofs.1; automatically attempts to detect
fast blanked media and engage DAO write,
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
use the same instructions as for the other
<acronym>DVD</acronym> formats:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>To append some data to a previous recording, use
<option>-M</option> with &man.growisofs.1;. However, if data
@@ -1495,11 +1495,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>To put a <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in restricted overwrite
format, the following command must be used:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>To change back to sequential format, use:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
session on a DVD+R, DVD-R, or <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in
sequential format, will add a new session to the disc:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/nextdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Using this command with a <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> or a
<acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in restricted overwrite mode will
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>For More Information</title>
<para>To obtain more information about a <acronym>DVD</acronym>,
- use <command>dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/cd0</command> while the
+ use <command>dvd+rw-mediainfo <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></command> while the
disc in the specified drive.</para>
<para>More information about
@@ -1580,9 +1580,9 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
used. In this example, the whole disk space will be formatted
with a standard UFS2 file system:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/acd0 bs=2k count=1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -Bw acd0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/acd0</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> bs=2k count=1</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -Bw <replaceable>acd0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>The <acronym>DVD</acronym> device,
<filename>acd0</filename>, must be changed according to the
@@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>Once the <acronym>DVD-RAM</acronym> has been formatted, it
can be mounted as a normal hard drive:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/acd0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Once mounted, the <acronym>DVD-RAM</acronym> will be both
readable and writeable.</para>
@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<para>An example of writing a single file to tape using
&man.tar.1;:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 file</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 <replaceable>file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Recovering files from a &man.tar.1; archive on tape into
the current directory:</para>
@@ -1943,7 +1943,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Backing Up the Current Directory With
<command>tar</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . </userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar czvf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.tgz</replaceable> . </userinput></screen>
</example>
<para>To restore the entire backup, <command>cd</command> into
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Restoring Up the Current Directory With
<command>tar</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xzvf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.tgz</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</example>
<para>There are dozens of available switches which are described
@@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Using<command>ls</command> and <command>cpio</command>
to Make a Recursive Backup of the Current Directory</title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls -R | cpio -ovF /tmp/mybackup.cpio</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls -R | cpio -ovF <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.cpio</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</example>
<indexterm>
@@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Backing Up the Current Directory With
<command>pax</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pax -wf /tmp/mybackup.pax .</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pax -wf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.pax</replaceable> .</userinput></screen>
</example>
</sect2>
@@ -2169,8 +2169,8 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Using <command>mdconfig</command> to Mount an Existing
File System Image</title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f <replaceable>diskimage</replaceable> -u <replaceable>0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</example>
<para>To create a new file system image with
@@ -2180,18 +2180,18 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
<title>Creating a New File-Backed Disk with
<command>mdconfig</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> bs=1k count=<replaceable>5</replaceable>k</userinput>
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w md0 auto</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs md0a</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f <replaceable>newimage</replaceable> -u <replaceable>0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w md<replaceable>0</replaceable> auto</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs md<replaceable>0</replaceable>a</userinput>
/dev/md0a: 5.0MB (10224 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
using 4 cylinder groups of 1.25MB, 80 blks, 192 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
160, 2720, 5280, 7840
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md0a /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>0</replaceable>a <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/md0a 4710 4 4330 0% /mnt</screen>
</example>
@@ -2215,11 +2215,11 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
<title>Configure and Mount a File-Backed Disk with
<command>mdmfs</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> bs=1k count=<replaceable>5</replaceable>k</userinput>
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -F <replaceable>newimage</replaceable> -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m md<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/md0 4718 4 4338 0% /mnt</screen>
</example>
@@ -2252,15 +2252,15 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
<title>Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with
<command>mdconfig</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t swap -s 5m -u 1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -U md1</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t swap -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m -u <replaceable>1</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -U md<replaceable>1</replaceable></userinput>
/dev/md1: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 192 inodes.
with soft updates
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
160, 2752, 5344, 7936
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md1 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>1</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/md1 4718 4 4338 0% /mnt</screen>
</example>
@@ -2269,8 +2269,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
<title>Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with
<command>mdmfs</command></title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -s 5m md2 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m md<replaceable>2</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/md2 4846 2 4458 0% /mnt</screen>
</example>
@@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
<para>For example, to detach and free all resources used by
<filename>/dev/md4</filename>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -d -u 4</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -d -u <replaceable>4</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>It is possible to list information about configured
&man.md.4; devices by running
@@ -2755,7 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
<xref linkend="disks-adding"/>. For the purposes of this
example, a new hard drive partition has been added as
<filename>/dev/ad4s1c</filename> and
- <filename>/dev/ad0s1*</filename> represents the existing
+ <filename>/dev/ad0s1<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> represents the existing
standard &os; partitions.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls /dev/ad*</userinput>
@@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ sector_size = 2048
<note>
<para>&man.newfs.8; must be performed on an attached
<application>gbde</application> partition which is
- identified by a <filename>*.bde</filename>
+ identified by a <filename><replaceable>*</replaceable>.bde</filename>
extension to the device name.</para>
</note>
</step>
@@ -3114,7 +3114,7 @@ Reenter new passphrase:</screen>
Enter passphrase:</screen>
<para>The new plaintext device will be named
- <filename>/dev/da2.eli</filename>.</para>
+ <filename>/dev/<replaceable>da2</replaceable>.eli</filename>.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls /dev/da2*</userinput>
/dev/da2 /dev/da2.eli</screen>
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ geli_da2_flags="-p -k /root/da2.key"</pr
overwrite the current swap partition with random garbage,
execute the following command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad0s1b bs=1m</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/<replaceable>ad0s1b</replaceable> bs=1m</userinput></screen>
<sect2>
<title>Swap Encryption with &man.gbde.8;</title>
@@ -3587,16 +3587,16 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av
<literal>primary</literal>-<literal>secondary</literal>
operation using <acronym>HAST</acronym> to replicate the data
between the two. The nodes will be called
- <literal>hasta</literal> with an IP address of
+ <literal><replaceable>hasta</replaceable></literal> with an IP address of
<replaceable>172.16.0.1</replaceable> and
- <literal>hastb</literal> with an IP of address
+ <literal><replaceable>hastb</replaceable></literal> with an IP of address
<replaceable>172.16.0.2</replaceable>. Both nodes will have a
- dedicated hard drive <filename>/dev/ad6</filename> of the same
+ dedicated hard drive <filename>/dev/<replaceable>ad6</replaceable></filename> of the same
size for <acronym>HAST</acronym> operation. The
<acronym>HAST</acronym> pool, sometimes also referred to as a
resource or the GEOM provider in
- <filename>/dev/hast/</filename>, will be called
- <filename>test</filename>.</para>
+ <filename class="directory">/dev/hast/</filename>, will be called
+ <filename><replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>.</para>
<para>Configuration of <acronym>HAST</acronym> is done using
<filename>/etc/hast.conf</filename>. This file should be the
@@ -3647,13 +3647,13 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av
administrator, or software like
<application>Heartbeat</application>, using &man.hastctl.8;.
On the primary node,
- <literal>hasta</literal>, issue
+ <literal><replaceable>hasta</replaceable></literal>, issue
this command:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl role primary test</userinput></screen>
<para>Similarly, run this command on the secondary node,
- <literal>hastb</literal>:</para>
+ <literal><replaceable>hastb</replaceable></literal>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl role secondary test</userinput></screen>
@@ -3680,10 +3680,10 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av
<para>The next step is to create a file system on the
- <filename>/dev/hast/test</filename>
+ <filename>/dev/hast/<replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>
GEOM provider and mount it. This must be done on the
<literal>primary</literal> node, as
- <filename>/dev/hast/test</filename>
+ <filename>/dev/hast/<replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>
appears only on the <literal>primary</literal> node. Creating
the file system can take a few minutes, depending on the size
of the hard drive:</para>
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