svn commit: r41514 - projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Mon Apr 29 12:49:45 UTC 2013
Author: dru
Date: Mon Apr 29 12:49:45 2013
New Revision: 41514
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/41514
Log:
This patch addresses the following:
- you
- some acronym tags
This chapter needs much more work, further patches pending.
Approved by: gjb (mentor)
Modified:
projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
Modified: projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Mon Apr 29 12:44:22 2013 (r41513)
+++ projects/ISBN_1-57176-407-0/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Mon Apr 29 12:49:45 2013 (r41514)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>An account with an Internet Service Provider
- (<acronym>ISP</acronym>) which you connect to using
+ (<acronym>ISP</acronym>) for connecting using
<acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
<indexterm id="ppp-password">
<primary>password</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>Your login name and password. (Either a
+ <para>A login name and password. (Either a
regular &unix; style login and password pair, or a PAP
or CHAP login and password pair).</para>
</listitem>
@@ -167,14 +167,14 @@
</indexterm>
<para>The IP address of one or more name servers.
- Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your
- <acronym>ISP</acronym>. If they have not given you at
- least one, use the <command>enable dns</command> command
- in <filename>ppp.conf</filename> and
- <command>ppp</command> will set the name
- servers. This feature depends on the
- <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s <acronym>PPP</acronym>
- implementation supporting DNS negotiation.</para>
+ Normally, the <acronym>ISP</acronym> will provide two
+ IP addresses. If it has not provided any IP addresses,
+ include <command>enable dns</command> in
+ <filename>ppp.conf</filename> and
+ <command>ppp</command> will set the name servers. This
+ feature requires the <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> implementation to support DNS
+ negotiation.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -184,13 +184,13 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>The IP address of your <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s
- gateway. The gateway is the machine to which you will
- connect and will be set up as your <emphasis>default
- route</emphasis>. If you do not have this
- information, we can make one up and your
+ <para>The IP address of the <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s
+ gateway. The gateway is the machine to connect to
+ and will be set up as the <emphasis>default
+ route</emphasis>. When in doubt, make one up and the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>'s <acronym>PPP</acronym> server
- will tell us the correct value when we connect.</para>
+ will set the correct value during connection
+ setup.</para>
<para>This IP number is referred to as
<literal>HISADDR</literal> by
@@ -198,9 +198,8 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The netmask you should use. If the
- <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not provided you with one,
- you can safely use <hostid
+ <para>The netmask. If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not
+ provided one, use <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -215,8 +214,8 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>If you do not have any of the required information,
- contact your <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
+ <para>If any of the required information is missing, contact
+ the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<note>
<para>Throughout this section, many of the examples showing
@@ -243,13 +242,10 @@
Examples can be found in <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
- <para>Configuring <command>ppp</command> requires that you
- edit a number of files, depending on your requirements.
- What you put in them depends to some extent on whether your
- <acronym>ISP</acronym> allocates IP addresses statically
- (i.e., you get given one IP address, and always use that
- one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP address changes each time
- you connect).</para>
+ <para>Configuring <command>ppp</command> requires a number of
+ files to be edited, depending on the requirements and
+ whether the <acronym>ISP</acronym> allocates IP addresses
+ statically or dynamically.</para>
<sect4 id="userppp-staticIP">
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> and Static IP
@@ -260,9 +256,8 @@
<secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>You will need to edit the
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> configuration file.
- It should look similar to the example below.</para>
+ <para>Edit <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> so that it
+ looks similar to the example below.</para>
<note>
<para>Lines that end in a <literal>:</literal> start in
@@ -347,9 +342,10 @@
<term>Line 5:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Sets the speed you want to connect at. If
- 115200 does not work (it should with any reasonably
- new modem), try 38400 instead.</para>
+ <para>Sets the connection speed. If
+ <literal>115200</literal> does not work (it should
+ with any reasonably new modem), try
+ <literal>38400</literal> instead.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -411,10 +407,10 @@
<listitem>
<para>Identifies an entry for a provider called
<quote>provider</quote>. This could be changed
- to the name of your <acronym>ISP</acronym> so
- that later you can use the <option>load
- <replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> to start
- the connection.</para>
+ to the name of the <acronym>ISP</acronym> so
+ that <option>load
+ <replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> can be
+ used to start the connection.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -427,17 +423,16 @@
colon (<literal>:</literal>) or pipe character
(<literal>|</literal>) as a separator. The
difference between the two separators is described
- in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, if you want to rotate
- through the numbers, use a colon. If you want to
- always attempt to dial the first number first and
- only use the other numbers if the first number
- fails, use the pipe character. Always quote the
- entire set of phone numbers as shown.</para>
-
- <para>You must enclose the phone number in quotation
- marks (<literal>"</literal>) if there is any
- intention on using spaces in the phone number.
- This can cause a simple, yet subtle error.</para>
+ in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, to rotate through the
+ numbers, use a colon. To always attempt to dial the
+ first number first and only use the other numbers if
+ the first number fails, use the pipe character.
+ Always quote the entire set of phone numbers as
+ shown.</para>
+
+ <para>The phone number must be enclosed in quotation
+ marks (<literal>"</literal>) if there are any spaces
+ in the phone number.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -460,10 +455,9 @@
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>
- <para>If you are using PAP or CHAP, there will be no
- login at this point, and this line should be
- commented out or removed. See <link
- linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP">PAP and CHAP
+ <para>When using PAP or CHAP, there will be no login
+ and this line should be commented out or removed.
+ See <link linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP">PAP and CHAP
authentication</link> for further details.</para>
<para>The login string is of the same chat-like
@@ -476,11 +470,12 @@ login: <replaceable>foo</replaceable>
password: <replaceable>bar</replaceable>
protocol: ppp</screen>
- <para>You will need to alter this script to suit your
- own needs. When you write this script for the first
- time, you should ensure that you have enabled
- <quote>chat</quote> logging so you can determine if
- the conversation is going as expected.</para>
+ <para>Replace the login and password values with
+ those required by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>. When
+ writing this script for the first time, ensure that
+ <quote>chat</quote> logging is enabled in order to
+ determine if the conversation is going as
+ expected.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -492,10 +487,9 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>Sets the default idle timeout (in seconds) for
the connection. Here, the connection will be closed
- automatically after 300 seconds of inactivity. If
- you never want to timeout, set this value to zero
- or use the <option>-ddial</option> command line
- switch.</para>
+ automatically after 300 seconds of inactivity. To
+ never timeout, set this value to zero or use the
+ <option>-ddial</option> command line switch.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -506,15 +500,15 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>Sets the interface addresses. The string
<replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> should be
- replaced by the IP address that your provider has
- allocated to you. The string
+ replaced by the IP address the provider has
+ allocated. The string
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be
replaced by the IP address of the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>'s gateway. If the ISP has
- not given you a gateway address, use <hostid
- role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. If you need to
- use a <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure that
- you create an entry in
+ not provided a gateway address, use <hostid
+ role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. When using a
+ <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure to create
+ an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as per the
instructions for <link
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"><acronym>PPP</acronym>
@@ -536,20 +530,19 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
otherwise <literal>HISADDR</literal> will not yet
be initialized.</para>
- <para>If you do not wish to run <command>ppp</command>
- in <option>-auto</option> mode, this line should be
- moved to the <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>
- file.</para>
+ <para>When <command>ppp</command> is not run in
+ <option>-auto</option> mode, this line should be
+ moved to <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>It is not necessary to add an entry to
- <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> when you have a static
- IP address and are running <command>ppp</command> in
- <option>-auto</option> mode as your routing table entries
- are already correct before you connect. You may however
- wish to create an entry to invoke programs after
+ <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> when using a static
+ IP address with <command>ppp</command> in
+ <option>-auto</option> mode as the routing table entries
+ are already correct before a connection is established.
+ However, an entry can be created to invoke programs after
connection. This is explained later with the sendmail
example.</para>
@@ -572,7 +565,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<primary>IPCP</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If your service provider does not assign static IP
+ <para>If the service provider does not assign static IP
addresses, <command>ppp</command> can be configured to
negotiate the local and remote addresses. This is done by
<quote>guessing</quote> an IP address and allowing
@@ -596,10 +589,9 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>The number after the <literal>/</literal>
character is the number of bits of the address that
- <command>ppp</command> will insist on. You may wish
- to use IP numbers more appropriate to your
- circumstances, but the above example will always
- work.</para>
+ <command>ppp</command> will insist on. These
+ IP numbers can be replaced, but the above example
+ will always work.</para>
<para>The last argument (<literal>0.0.0.0</literal>)
tells <acronym>PPP</acronym> to start negotiations
@@ -614,8 +606,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
- <para>If you are not running in <option>-auto</option> mode,
- you will need to create an entry in
+ <para>When not running in <option>-auto</option> mode,
+ create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> is used after a connection
has been established. At this point,
@@ -672,15 +664,14 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<secondary>receiving incoming calls</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>When you configure <command>ppp</command> to
- receive incoming calls on a machine connected to a LAN,
- you must decide if you wish to forward packets to the LAN.
- If you do, you should allocate the peer an IP number from
- your LAN's subnet, and use the command <command>enable
- proxy</command> in your
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> file. You should
- also confirm that the <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
- file contains the following:</para>
+ <para>When configuring <command>ppp</command> to receive
+ incoming calls on a machine connected to a LAN, decide if
+ packets should be forwarded to the LAN. If so, allocate
+ the peer an IP number from the LAN's subnet and use
+ <command>enable proxy</command> in
+ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Also, confirm
+ that <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> contains the
+ following:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</sect4>
@@ -699,15 +690,15 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
designed with dial-up lines in mind.</para>
<para>The advantages of using <command>mgetty</command> is
- that it actively <emphasis>talks</emphasis> to modems,
- meaning if port is turned off in
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> then your modem will not
- answer the phone.</para>
+ that it actively <emphasis>talks</emphasis> to modems.
+ If the port is turned off in
+ <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, the modem will not answer
+ the phone.</para>
<para>Later versions of <command>mgetty</command> (from
0.99beta onwards) also support the automatic detection of
- <acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing your clients
- script-less access to your server.</para>
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing clients
+ scriptless access to the server.</para>
<para>Refer to <link linkend="userppp-mgetty">Mgetty and
AutoPPP</link> for more information on
@@ -718,16 +709,14 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Permissions</title>
<para>The <command>ppp</command> command must normally be
- run as the <username>root</username> user. If however,
- you wish to allow <command>ppp</command> to run in
- server mode as a normal user by executing
- <command>ppp</command> as described below, that user
- must be given permission to run <command>ppp</command>
- by adding them to the <groupname>network</groupname>
- group in <filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
+ run as the <username>root</username> user. To give a
+ user permission to run <command>ppp</command> in server
+ mode, add their user account to the
+ <groupname>network</groupname> group in
+ <filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
- <para>You will also need to give them access to one or more
- sections of the configuration file using the
+ <para>Then, give the account access to one or more sections
+ of the configuration file using the
<command>allow</command> command:</para>
<programlisting>allow users fred mary</programlisting>
@@ -769,12 +758,12 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</userinput></screen>
- <para>You should use this script as the
- <emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of your dialup users.
- This is an example from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
- for a dialup <acronym>PPP</acronym> user with username
- <username>pchilds</username> (remember do not directly
- edit the password file, use &man.vipw.8;).</para>
+ <para>Use this script as the <emphasis>shell</emphasis> for
+ all dialup users. This is an example from
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for a dialup
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> user with the username
+ <username>pchilds</username>. Do not directly edit this
+ file, use &man.vipw.8;.</para>
<programlisting>pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</programlisting>
@@ -803,10 +792,10 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
IPs create a symbolic link to
<filename>ppp-shell</filename>.</para>
- <para>For example, if you have three dialup customers,
+ <para>Consider three dialup customers,
<username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>,
- and <username>mary</username>, that you route /24 CIDR
- networks for, you would type the following:</para>
+ and <username>mary</username>. In order to route /24
+ CIDR networks, type the following:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam</userinput>
@@ -845,7 +834,7 @@ ttyu1:
for each session. For each dialup line enabled in
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> create an entry similar
to the one for <literal>ttyu0:</literal> above. Each
- line should get a unique IP address from your pool of
+ line should get a unique IP address from the pool of
IP addresses for dynamic users.</para>
</sect4>
@@ -855,10 +844,8 @@ ttyu1:
<para>Along with the contents of the sample
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>
- above you should add a section for each of the
- statically assigned dialup users. We will continue with
- our <username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>,
- and <username>mary</username> example.</para>
+ above, add a section for each of the statically assigned
+ dialup users:</para>
<programlisting>fred:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255
@@ -916,9 +903,9 @@ mary:
role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename> port on
his system.</para>
- <para>Make sure your
+ <para>Make sure
<filename>/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config</filename>
- file has the following in it:</para>
+ has the following:</para>
<programlisting>/AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup</programlisting>
@@ -953,8 +940,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</pr
<programlisting>enable passwdauth</programlisting>
- <para>If you wish to assign some users a static IP number,
- you can specify the number as the third argument in
+ <para>To assign some users a static IP, specify the IP
+ address as the third argument in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.secret</filename>. See
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample</filename>
for examples.</para>
@@ -1015,8 +1002,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
that the authentication part of the connection is done
using either the PAP or CHAP authentication mechanism. If
this is the case, the <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not give
- a <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt when you connect, but
- will start talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>
+ a <prompt>login:</prompt> during connection, but will
+ start talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>
immediately.</para>
<para>PAP is less secure than CHAP, but security is not
@@ -1041,8 +1028,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<term>Line 13:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP user name.
- You will need to insert the correct value for
+ <para>This line specifies the PAP/CHAP user name.
+ Insert the correct value for
<replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1052,10 +1039,10 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>password</primary></indexterm>
- <para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP password.
- You will need to insert the correct value for
- <replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>. You may
- want to add an additional line, such as:</para>
+ <para>This line specifies the PAP/CHAP password.
+ Insert the correct value for
+ <replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>. An
+ additional line can be added, such as:</para>
<programlisting>16 accept PAP</programlisting>
@@ -1073,9 +1060,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Your <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not normally
- require you to log into the server when using PAP or
- CHAP. You must therefore disable your <quote>set
+ <para>The <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not normally
+ require a login into the server when using PAP or
+ CHAP. Therefore, disable the <quote>set
login</quote> string.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1083,13 +1070,13 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
</sect4>
<sect4>
- <title>Changing Your <command>ppp</command> Configuration
+ <title>Changing the <command>ppp</command> Configuration
on the Fly</title>
<para>It is possible to talk to the <command>ppp</command>
program while it is running in the background, but only
if a suitable diagnostic port has been set up. To do
- this, add the following line to your configuration:</para>
+ this, add the following line to the configuration:</para>
<programlisting>set server /var/run/ppp-tun<replaceable>%d</replaceable> DiagnosticPassword 0177</programlisting>
@@ -1127,8 +1114,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<literal>ppp_nat</literal>, which is enabled by
default.</para>
- <para>If you use this feature, you may also find useful
- the following <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> options
+ <para>When using this feature, the following
+ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> options are useful
to enable incoming connections forwarding:</para>
<programlisting>nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:ftp ftp
@@ -1146,10 +1133,9 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</program
<primary>PPP</primary><secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>You now have <command>ppp</command> configured, but
- there are a few more things to do before it is ready to
- work. They all involve editing the
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> file.</para>
+ <para>Now that <command>ppp</command> is configured, there are
+ a few more things to edit in
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Working from the top down in this file, make sure the
<literal>hostname=</literal> line is set, e.g.:</para>
@@ -1157,11 +1143,11 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</program
<programlisting>hostname="foo.example.com"</programlisting>
<para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has supplied a static IP
- address and name, it is probably best that you use this name
- as your host name.</para>
+ address and name, it is recommended to use this name as the
+ host name.</para>
<para>Look for the <literal>network_interfaces</literal>
- variable. If you want to configure your system to dial your
+ variable. To configure the system to dial the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> on demand, make sure the
<devicename>tun0</devicename> device is added to the list,
otherwise remove it.</para>
@@ -1178,15 +1164,15 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<programlisting>ppp -auto mysystem</programlisting>
<para>This script is executed at network configuration time,
- starting your <command>ppp</command> daemon in
- <option>-auto</option> mode. If you have a LAN for which
- this machine is a gateway, you may also wish to use the
+ starting the <command>ppp</command> daemon in
+ <option>-auto</option> mode. If the machine functions as
+ a gateway for a LAN, consider using the
<option>-alias</option> switch. Refer to the manual page
- for further details.</para>
+ for details.</para>
</note>
<para>Make sure that the router program is set to
- <literal>NO</literal> with the following line in your
+ <literal>NO</literal> with the following line in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>router_enable="NO"</programlisting>
@@ -1204,24 +1190,22 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<literal>sendmail_flags</literal> line does not include the
<option>-q</option> option, otherwise
<command>sendmail</command> will attempt to do a network
- lookup every now and then, possibly causing your machine
- to dial out. You may try:</para>
+ lookup every now and then, possibly causing the machine
+ to dial out. Try this command instead:</para>
<programlisting>sendmail_flags="-bd"</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>sendmail</application></primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>The downside of this is that you must force
- <command>sendmail</command> to re-examine the mail queue
- whenever the <acronym>PPP</acronym> link is up by
- typing:</para>
+ <para>The downside is that <command>sendmail</command> must be
+ forced to re-examine the mail queue whenever the
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> link is up by typing:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/sendmail -q</userinput></screen>
- <para>You may wish to use the <command>!bg</command> command
- in <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> to do this
- automatically:</para>
+ <para>To automatically use the <command>!bg</command> command
+ in <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 delete ALL
@@ -1232,20 +1216,20 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<primary>SMTP</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If you do not like this, it is possible to set up a
- <quote>dfilter</quote> to block SMTP traffic. Refer to the
- sample files for further details.</para>
+ <para>It is possible to set up a <quote>dfilter</quote> to
+ block SMTP traffic. Refer to the sample files for further
+ details.</para>
<para>All that is left is to reboot the machine. After
- rebooting, you can now either type:</para>
+ rebooting, either type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>and then <command>dial provider</command> to start the
- <acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, if you want
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, to configure
<command>ppp</command> to establish sessions automatically
- when there is outbound traffic (and you have not created the
- <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script), type:</para>
+ when there is outbound traffic and there is no existing
+ <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -auto provider</userinput></screen>
</sect3>
@@ -1261,7 +1245,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device
- is built into your kernel.</para>
+ is built into the kernel.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -1279,18 +1263,17 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
- <para>If you have a dynamic IP address, create an entry in
+ <para>When using a dynamic IP address, create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Update your <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
- file.</para>
+ <para>Update <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Create a <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script
- if you require demand dialing.</para>
+ if demand dialing is required.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -1299,7 +1282,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device
- is built into your kernel.</para>
+ is built into the kernel.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -1334,8 +1317,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Update your <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
- file.</para>
+ <para>Update <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
@@ -1361,23 +1343,21 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</indexterm>
<para>This section covers a few issues which may arise when
- using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. For
- instance, perhaps you need to know exactly what prompts the
- system you are dialing into will present. Some
+ using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. Some
<acronym>ISP</acronym>s present the
<literal>ssword</literal> prompt, and others will present
<literal>password</literal>; if the <command>ppp</command>
script is not written accordingly, the login attempt will
fail. The most common way to debug <command>ppp</command>
connections is by connecting manually. The following
- information will walk you through a manual connection step by
+ information walks through a manual connection step by
step.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Check the Device Nodes</title>
<para>When using a custom kernel, make sure to include the
- following line in your kernel configuration file:</para>
+ following line in the kernel configuration file:</para>
<programlisting>device uart</programlisting>
@@ -1389,17 +1369,13 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep uart</userinput></screen>
- <para>You should get some pertinent output about the
- <devicename>uart</devicename> devices. These are the COM
- ports we need. If your modem acts like a standard serial
- port then you should see it listed on
+ <para>The <devicename>uart</devicename> devices should provide
+ some pertinent output about the COM ports. If the modem acts
+ like a standard serial port, it should be listed on
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, or
- <devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so, you are not required
- to rebuild the kernel. When matching up sio modem is on
- <devicename>uart1</devicename> or
- <devicename>COM2</devicename> if you are in DOS, then your
- modem device would be <filename
- class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
+ <devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so, a custom kernel is not
+ needed. In this configuration, the modem device would be
+ <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -1407,42 +1383,39 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<para>Connecting to the Internet by manually controlling
<command>ppp</command> is quick, easy, and a great way to
- debug a connection or just get information on how your
+ debug a connection or just get information on how the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> treats <command>ppp</command> client
connections. Lets start <application>PPP</application> from
- the command line. Note that in all of our examples we will
- use <emphasis>example</emphasis> as the hostname of the
- machine running <application>PPP</application>. You start
- <command>ppp</command> by just typing
+ the command line. The following examples use
+ <emphasis>example</emphasis> as the hostname of the
+ machine running <application>PPP</application>. To start
<command>ppp</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
- <para>We have now started <command>ppp</command>.</para>
-
+ <para>This sets the modem device to
+ <devicename>cuau1</devicename>:</para>
+
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set device <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename></userinput></screen>
- <para>We set our modem device, in this case it is
- <devicename>cuau1</devicename>.</para>
+ <para>This sets the connection speed to 115,200
+ <acronym>kbps</acronym>:</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set speed 115200</userinput></screen>
- <para>Set the connection speed, in this case we
- are using 115,200 <acronym>kbps</acronym>.</para>
-
- <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>enable dns</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Tell <command>ppp</command> to configure our
+ <para>This tells <command>ppp</command> to configure the
resolver and add the nameserver lines to
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. If
- <command>ppp</command> cannot determine our hostname, we can
- set one manually later.</para>
+ <command>ppp</command> cannot determine the hostname, it can
+ manually be set later.</para>
- <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>term</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>enable dns</userinput></screen>
<para>Switch to <quote>terminal</quote> mode so that we can
manually control the modem.</para>
+ <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>term</userinput></screen>
+
<programlisting>deflink: Entering terminal mode on <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>
type '~h' for help</programlisting>
@@ -1451,7 +1424,7 @@ OK
<userinput>atdt<replaceable>123456789</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Use <command>at</command> to initialize the modem,
- then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for your
+ then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> to begin the dial in process.</para>
<screen>CONNECT</screen>
@@ -1462,8 +1435,8 @@ OK
<screen>ISP Login:<userinput>myusername</userinput></screen>
- <para>Here you are prompted for a username, return the
- prompt with the username that was provided by the
+ <para>When prompted for a username, return the prompt with the
+ username that was provided by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<screen>ISP Pass:<userinput>mypassword</userinput></screen>
@@ -1475,7 +1448,7 @@ OK
<screen>Shell or PPP:<userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
- <para>Depending on your <acronym>ISP</acronym> this prompt
+ <para>Depending on the <acronym>ISP</acronym>, this prompt
may never appear. Here we are being asked if we wish to
use a shell on the provider, or to start
<command>ppp</command>. In this example, we have chosen
@@ -1504,47 +1477,45 @@ OK
<para>Here we add our default route, we need to do this before
we can talk to the outside world as currently the only
established connection is with the peer. If this fails due to
- existing routes you can put a bang character
- <literal>!</literal> in front of the <option>add</option>.
- Alternatively, you can set this before making the actual
- connection and it will negotiate a new route
- accordingly.</para>
+ existing routes, put a bang character
+ (<literal>!</literal>) in front of the <option>add</option>.
+ Alternatively, set this before making the actual connection
+ and it will negotiate a new route accordingly.</para>
- <para>If everything went good we should now have an active
- connection to the Internet, which could be thrown into the
+ <para>If everything went well, there is now an active
+ connection to the Internet which can be placed into the
background using <keycombo
action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap>
- <keycap>z</keycap></keycombo> If you notice the
- <command>PPP</command> return to <command>ppp</command> then
- we have lost our connection. This is good to know because it
- shows our connection status. Capital P's show that we have a
- connection to the <acronym>ISP</acronym> and lowercase p's
- show that the connection has been lost for whatever reason.
- <command>ppp</command> only has these 2 states.</para>
+ <keycap>z</keycap></keycombo>. If
+ <literal>PPP</literal> instead returns to
+ <literal>ppp</literal>, the connection has been lost. An
+ uppercase <literal>P</literal> indicates a
+ connection to the <acronym>ISP</acronym> and a lowercase
+ <literal>p</literal> indicates that the connection has been
+ lost. <command>ppp</command> only has these 2 states.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Debugging</title>
- <para>If you have a direct line and cannot seem to make a
- connection, then turn hardware flow
- <acronym>CTS/RTS</acronym> to off with the <option>set
- ctsrts off</option>. This is mainly the case if you are
+ <para>For a direct line that cannot seem to make a connection,
+ turn hardware flow <acronym>CTS/RTS</acronym> to off with
+ <option>set ctsrts off</option>. This can occur when
connected to some <application>PPP</application> capable
- terminal servers, where <application>PPP</application> hangs
- when it tries to write data to your communication link, so
- it would be waiting for a <acronym>CTS</acronym>, or Clear
- To Send signal which may never come. If you use this option
- however, you should also use the <option>set accmap</option>
- option, which may be required to defeat hardware dependent
- on passing certain characters from end to end, most of the
- time XON/XOFF. See the &man.ppp.8; manual page for more
- information on this option, and how it is used.</para>
-
- <para>If you have an older modem, you may need to use the
- <option>set parity even</option>. Parity is set at none
- be default, but is used for error checking (with a large
+ terminal servers as <application>PPP</application> hangs
+ when it tries to write data to the communication link and
+ then waits for a Clear To Send (<acronym>CTS</acronym>)
+ signal which may never come. When using this option,
+ include <option>set accmap</option>, which may be required
+ to defeat hardware which is dependent on passing certain
+ characters from end to end, such as XON/XOFF. See
+ &man.ppp.8; for more information on how this option is
+ used.</para>
+
+ <para>For an older modem, <option>set parity even</option> may
+ be needed. Parity is set at <literal>none</literal> by
+ default, but is used for error checking (with a large
increase in traffic) on older modems and some
- <acronym>ISP</acronym>s. You may need this option for
+ <acronym>ISP</acronym>s. This option may be needed for
the Compuserve <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para><application>PPP</application> may not return to the
@@ -1554,13 +1525,13 @@ OK
command will force <command>ppp</command> to start
sending the configuration information.</para>
- <para>If you never obtain a login prompt, then most likely you
- need to use <acronym>PAP</acronym> or
- <acronym>CHAP</acronym> authentication instead of the
- &unix; style in the example above. To use
- <acronym>PAP</acronym> or <acronym>CHAP</acronym> just add
- the following options to <application>PPP</application>
- before going into terminal mode:</para>
+ <para>If a login prompt never appears, try using
+ <acronym>PAP</acronym> or <acronym>CHAP</acronym>
+ authentication instead of the &unix; style in the example
+ above. To use <acronym>PAP</acronym> or
+ <acronym>CHAP</acronym>, add the following options to
+ <application>PPP</application> before going into terminal
+ mode:</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authname <replaceable>myusername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@@ -1574,17 +1545,16 @@ OK
replaced with the password that was assigned by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
- <para>If you connect fine, but cannot seem to find any domain
- name, try to use &man.ping.8; with an <acronym>IP</acronym>
- address and see if you can get any return information. If
- you experience 100 percent (100%) packet loss, then it is
- most likely that you were not assigned a default route.
- Double check that the option <option>add default
- HISADDR</option> was set during the connection. If you
- can connect to a remote <acronym>IP</acronym> address then
- it is possible that a resolver address has not been added
- to the <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. This file
- should look like:</para>
+ <para>If the connection is active but cannot resolve any
+ domain names, try to &man.ping.8; an <acronym>IP</acronym>
+ address. If there is 100% packet loss, it is likely that a
+ default route was not assigned. Double check that
+ <option>add default HISADDR</option> was set during the
+ connection. If a connection to a remote
+ <acronym>IP</acronym> address cannot be established, it is
+ possible that a resolver address has not been added to
+ <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. This file should
+ look like:</para>
<programlisting>domain <replaceable>example.com</replaceable>
nameserver <replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable>
@@ -1592,15 +1562,11 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replace
<para>Where <replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> and
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be replaced with
- the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of your
- <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s DNS servers. This information may
- or may not have been provided when you signed up, but a
- quick call to your <acronym>ISP</acronym> should remedy
- that.</para>
-
- <para>You could also have &man.syslog.3; provide a logging
- function for your <application>PPP</application> connection.
- Just add:</para>
+ the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the
+ <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s DNS servers.</para>
+
+ <para>To configure &man.syslog.3; to log
+ <application>PPP</application> connections, add:</para>
<programlisting>!ppp
*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
@@ -1677,7 +1643,7 @@ name_of_service_provider:
<sect2>
<title>Running <command>ppp</command></title>
- <para>As <username>root</username>, you can run:</para>
+ <para>As <username>root</username>, run:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider</userinput></screen>
@@ -1686,8 +1652,8 @@ name_of_service_provider:
<sect2>
<title>Starting <command>ppp</command> at Boot</title>
- <para>Add the following to your
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> file:</para>
+ <para>Add the following to
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
@@ -1699,25 +1665,22 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</
<title>Using a <acronym>PPPoE</acronym> Service Tag</title>
<para>Sometimes it will be necessary to use a service tag to
- establish your connection. Service tags are used to
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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