svn commit: r43368 - in head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook: . basics bsdinstall preface users
Taras Korenko
taras at FreeBSD.org
Mon Dec 23 11:02:29 UTC 2013
Author: taras
Date: Mon Dec 23 11:02:28 2013
New Revision: 43368
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43368
Log:
This commit integrates contents of users/chapter.xml into
basics/chapter.xml and removes the former.
Deleted:
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/
Modified:
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/Makefile
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/book.xml
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/chapters.ent
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/preface/preface.xml
Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/Makefile
==============================================================================
--- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/Makefile Mon Dec 23 08:51:55 2013 (r43367)
+++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/Makefile Mon Dec 23 11:02:28 2013 (r43368)
@@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ SRCS+= preface/preface.xml
SRCS+= printing/chapter.xml
SRCS+= security/chapter.xml
SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.xml
-SRCS+= users/chapter.xml
SRCS+= x11/chapter.xml
# Entities
Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Mon Dec 23 08:51:55 2013 (r43367)
+++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Mon Dec 23 11:02:28 2013 (r43368)
@@ -333,6 +333,1197 @@ options SC_PIXEL_MODE</programlisting>
</sect2>
</sect1>
+ <sect1 xml:id="users-synopsis">
+ <!-- XXX: This section is syncronized with corresponding section of
+ en/handbook/basics/chapter.xml at r43328. -->
+ <title>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title>
+
+ <info>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <personname>
+ <firstname>Neil</firstname>
+ <surname>Blakey-Milner</surname>
+ </personname>
+ <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ: </contrib>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <personname>
+ <firstname>äÅÎÉÓ</firstname>
+ <surname>ðÅÐÌÉÎ</surname>
+ </personname>
+ <contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </info>
+
+ <para>&os; ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
+ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. ÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
+ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ ÚÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ É ÐÅÒÅÄ ÜËÒÁÎÏÍ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
+ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>òÁÚÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ, ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ É ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×
+ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <sect2 xml:id="users-introduction">
+ <title>òÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ</title>
+
+ <para>ôÁË ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÔÏ
+ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ
+ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÒÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.</para>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-system">
+ <title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
+ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ
+ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem
+ class="username">daemon</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem
+ class="username">operator</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ:
+ <systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">bind</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">news</systemitem> É
+ <systemitem class="username">www</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem
+ class="username">nobody</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> ÜÔÏ
+ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.
+ ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <systemitem
+ class="username">nobody</systemitem>, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+ É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ
+ ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-user">
+ <title>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ×ÙÑÓÎÑÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ
+ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ É ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË
+ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
+
+ <para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ,
+ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÏË ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÑÚÙËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ
+ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ.</para>
+
+ <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ
+ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ××ÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
+ <prompt>login:</prompt>. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
+ ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ
+ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,
+ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ × &man.passwd.5;. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
+ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ
+ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
+ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó
+ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ðÁÒÏÌØ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (User ID,
+ <acronym>UID</acronym>)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (<acronym>UID</acronym>)
+ — ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ
+ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;. ìÀÂÁÑ
+ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë
+ <acronym>UID</acronym>. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØ
+ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <acronym>UID</acronym>, ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535,
+ ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
+ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ
+ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (Group ID,
+ <acronym>GID</acronym>)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (<acronym>GID</acronym>)
+ — ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ
+ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å <acronym>GID</acronym>
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ <acronym>UID</acronym>. üÔÏ
+ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <acronym>GID</acronym>, ÎÅ
+ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ
+ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ëÌÁÓÓ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ (login class)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÕ ÇÒÕÐÐ,
+ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÁÂÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
+ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×
+ <xref linkend="users-limiting"/>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÁÀÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ
+ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ
+ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os; ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÒÏËÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× ×
+ ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.pw.8; ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ
+ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ
+ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ
+ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ
+ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ
+ ÏÂÑÚÁÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+ üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+ úÄÅÓØ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÐÏÄÞÅÒËÉ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÓÔÒÏËÁ
+ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ ÄÏ 8 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>äÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>äÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ ×
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ó ÎÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ
+ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ðÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÍÕ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ×ÓÅ
+ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ×
+ <filename>/home/username</filename> ÉÌÉ
+ <filename>/usr/home/username</filename>. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
+ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ ÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ É ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ
+ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ïÂÏÌÏÞËÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ïÂÏÌÏÞËÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ËÁË ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Ï
+ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
+ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÉÄÏ× ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË, ÏÐÙÔÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
+ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
+ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÙ × ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ ÉÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-superuser">
+ <title>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root)</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
+ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ
+ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ
+ ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para>
+
+ <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,
+ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÈ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÅÚÄÅ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÊÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÐÅÒÅÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ,
+ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÄ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
+ ÄÁÖÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÌÉÛÎÉÊ ÐÒÏÂÅÌ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÂÅÚ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
+
+ <para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. îÁÉÍÅÎÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ — ×ÏÊÔÉ ×
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÄ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ &man.su.1;. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ
+ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÌÀÞ <literal>-</literal>,
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÝÉÊ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ×
+ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, ×
+ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÓÑ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÔÁËÖÅ
+ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÎÁÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ
+ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make install</command>, ÔÁË ËÁË
+ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÒÁ× ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ
+ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔ
+ <command>exit</command>, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ×ÙÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>configure</userinput>
+&prompt.user; <userinput>make</userinput>
+&prompt.user; <userinput>su -</userinput>
+Password:
+&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
+&prompt.user;</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.su.1; ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÈ
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù ÅÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
+ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ <package>security/sudo</package>.
+ üÔÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ,
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 xml:id="users-modifying">
+ <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>&os; ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
+ <xref linkend="users-modifying-utilities"/> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ
+ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÈ
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. úÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ
+ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ
+ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÏ×.</para>
+
+ <table frame="none" pgwide="1"
+ xml:id="users-modifying-utilities">
+ <title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="2*"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ</entry>
+ <entry>ëÒÁÔËÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>&man.adduser.8;</entry>
+ <entry>òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÏÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ
+ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>&man.rmuser.8;</entry>
+ <entry>òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÏÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ
+ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>&man.chpass.1;</entry>
+ <entry>çÉÂËÉÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ×
+ ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>&man.passwd.1;</entry>
+ <entry>éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
+ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>&man.pw.8;</entry>
+ <entry>íÏÝÎÙÊ É ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÏÊ
+ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÏÊ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-adduser">
+ <title><command>adduser</command></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>adduser</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><filename>/usr/share/skel</filename></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ×</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>skeleton directory</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>äÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.adduser.8;. ðÒÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔ
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> É
+ <filename>/etc/group</filename>. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ
+ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ
+ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ <filename>/usr/share/skel</filename>, É ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
+ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ. üÔÕ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ Ó
+ ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.adduser.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ. äÌÑ
+ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×. ëÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × <xref
+ linkend="users-modifying-adduser"/>, ÏÔ×ÅÔÏÍ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ
+ ××ÏÄ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ
+ <keycap>Return</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
+ ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÓËÏÂËÁÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem
+ class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ ÅÍÕ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
+ &man.su.1;. îÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÛÁÇÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÉÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
+ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÉÌÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
+
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-adduser">
+ <title>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × &os;</title>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser</userinput>
+Username: <userinput>jru</userinput>
+Full name: <userinput>J. Random User</userinput>
+Uid (Leave empty for default):
+Login group [jru]:
+Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: <userinput>wheel</userinput>
+Login class [default]:
+Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: <userinput>zsh</userinput>
+Home directory [/home/jru]:
+Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default):
+Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
+Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
+Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
+Enter password:
+Enter password again:
+Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
+Username : jru
+Password : ****
+Full Name : J. Random User
+Uid : 1001
+Class :
+Groups : jru wheel
+Home : /home/jru
+Shell : /usr/local/bin/zsh
+Locked : no
+OK? (yes/no): <userinput>yes</userinput>
+adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.
+Add another user? (yes/no): <userinput>no</userinput>
+Goodbye!
+&prompt.root;</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ðÒÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
+ ÐÏÓÔÁÒÁÊÔÅÓØ ÎÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-rmuser">
+ <title><command>rmuser</command></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>rmuser</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ
+ &man.rmuser.8; Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
+ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para>
+
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <para>åÓÌÉ × &man.crontab.1; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ
+ &man.at.1;.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>õÎÉÞÔÏÖÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>õÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
+ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>åÓÌÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÔÏ
+ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>õÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÁÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ
+ ÉÚ <filename>/var/mail</filename>.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÚ
+ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÚ
+ <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, × <filename>/etc/group</filename> ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ
+ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó
+ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ
+ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+ &man.adduser.8;.</para>
+ </step>
+ </procedure>
+
+ <para>&man.rmuser.8; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ
+ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
+
+ <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÜÔÏ
+ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÅ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
+ <command>rmuser</command></title>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rmuser jru</userinput>
+Matching password entry:
+jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh
+Is this the entry you wish to remove? <userinput>y</userinput>
+Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <userinput>y</userinput>
+Removing user (jru): mailspool home passwd.
+&prompt.root;</screen>
+ </example>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-chpass">
+ <title><command>chpass</command></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>chpass</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.chpass.1; ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÕÀ Ó ÅÇÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ. é
+ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
+
+ <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× (ËÒÏÍÅ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ), &man.chpass.1; ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ
+ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ
+ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ, ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
+ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>åÓÌÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
+ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>÷ <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-su"/>
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
+ <command>chpass jru</command>, ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ
+ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÑ. åÓÌÉ
+ <systemitem class="username">jru</systemitem> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ ÜÔÕ
+ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÔÏ ÌÉÛØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÛÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÏË ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÅÍÕ
+ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ×
+ <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-ru"/>.</para>
+
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-su">
+ <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
+
+ <screen>#Changing user database information for jru.
+Login: jru
+Password: *
+Uid [#]: 1001
+Gid [# or name]: 1001
+Change [month day year]:
+Expire [month day year]:
+Class:
+Home directory: /home/jru
+Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
+Full Name: J. Random User
+Office Location:
+Office Phone:
+Home Phone:
+Other information:</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-ru">
+ <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
+
+ <screen>#Changing user database information for jru.
+Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
+Full Name: J. Random User
+Office Location:
+Office Phone:
+Home Phone:
+Other information:</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>&man.chfn.1; É &man.chsh.1; ÜÔÏ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ
+ &man.chpass.1;, ËÁË É &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1; É
+ &man.ypchsh.1;. ôÁË ËÁË <acronym>NIS</acronym>
+ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ
+ <literal>yp</literal> ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.
+ îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ ×
+ <xref linkend="network-servers"/>.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-passwd">
+ <title><command>passwd</command></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>passwd</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>ìÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÒÉ
+ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.passwd.1;. äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ
+ ÎÅÓÁÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ
+ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ:</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</title>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>passwd</userinput>
+Changing local password for jru.
+Old password:
+New password:
+Retype new password:
+passwd: updating the database...
+passwd: done</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÕËÁÚÁ× ÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.passwd.1;.
+ õÔÉÌÉÔÁ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÁÑ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÎÅ
+ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ
+ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÚÁÂÙ×ÞÉ×ÙÍ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ</title>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>passwd jru</userinput>
+Changing local password for jru.
+New password:
+Retype new password:
+passwd: updating the database...
+passwd: done</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó &man.chpass.1;, &man.yppasswd.1; ÜÔÏ
+ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
+ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 xml:id="users-pw">
+ <title><command>pw</command></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>pw</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>&man.pw.8; ÜÔÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ,
+ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ, ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É
+ ÇÒÕÐÐ. ïÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÅÔ ËÁË ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÇÒÕÐÐ. õ &man.pw.8; ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÏÝÎÙÊ
+ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ
+ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × shell ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÈ, ÎÏ ÎÏ×ÙÍ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ, ÞÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
+ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 xml:id="users-limiting">
+ <title>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ×
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ
+ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ×ÉÄÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
+ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Ë×ÏÔÙ</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>Ë×ÏÔÙ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á,
+ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
+ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÓÞÅÔÁ ÅÇÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ
+ ÒÁÚ. ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × <xref linkend="quotas"/>.</para>
+
+ <para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ CPU, ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
+ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó
+ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ É ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ
+ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><filename>/etc/login.conf</filename></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, ÏÎÉ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.login.conf.5;. ëÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ËÌÁÓÓ (<literal>default</literal> ÐÏ
+ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ), É ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ËÌÁÓÓÕ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË.
+ èÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁÒÙ
+ <literal>ÉÍÑ=ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ</literal>,
+ ÇÄÅ <replaceable>ÉÍÑ</replaceable> ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ
+ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ, Á <replaceable>ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ</replaceable> ÜÔÏ
+ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
+ <replaceable>ÉÍÅÎÉ</replaceable>. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× É
+ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ, É ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ×
+ &man.login.conf.5;.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>&os;, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ,
+ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf.db</filename> ÄÌÑ ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÑËÉÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf.db</filename> ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
+ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf</userinput></screen>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ
+ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË: ×Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
+ <quote>ÍÑÇËÏÅ</quote> (ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ) É <quote>ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ</quote>
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. íÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, Á
+ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÏ — ÌÉÛØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ,
+ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ
+ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, Á ÎÅ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
+ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ. üÔÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ ÄÉËÔÕÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, Á ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
+
+ <para>îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × &man.login.conf.5;.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>coredumpsize</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>coredumpsize</primary>
+ </indexterm>,
+ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ, ÐÏÄÞÉÎÑÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>coredumpsize</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÔÁËÉÍ ËÁË
+ <literal>filesize</literal>, ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ Ë×ÏÔÁÍ. üÔÏ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÅÎÅÅ ÓÔÒÏÇÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ
+ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.
+ ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÁÍÐÏ× ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, É ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÉÈ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÏÔ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÚÁ
+ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+ ÅÓÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÆÁÊÌ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ
+ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>cputime</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>cputime</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>cputime</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ ãðõ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ðÒÅ×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ
+ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÙ ÑÄÒÏÍ.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ
+ <emphasis>×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ</emphasis> ãðõ, Á ÎÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÏ×
+ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ãðõ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
+ ÐÏÌÑÈ &man.top.1; É &man.ps.1;.</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>filesize</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>filesize</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>filesize</secondary>
+ </indexterm>,
+ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÌÁÄÅÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ
+ <link linkend="quotas">ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ</link>, ÜÔÏ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ, Á ÎÅ ËÏ
+ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÕ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>maxproc</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>maxproc</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>maxproc</secondary>
+ </indexterm>,
+ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ
+ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ É ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÅ, É ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. üÔÏ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÌÉÍÉÔ,
+ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ &man.sysctl.8;
+ <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ
+ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÍÅÈÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÅÍÕ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó
+ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ,
+ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>memorylocked</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>memorylocked</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>memorylocked</secondary>
+ </indexterm>,
+ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÐÒÉ
+ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.mlock.2;. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &man.amd.8;, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ
+ ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+ <quote>ÐÒÏÂÕËÓÏ×Ù×ÁÎÉÑ</quote> ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (system
+ thrashing) ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÕÓÕÇÕÂÌÑÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>memoryuse</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>memoryuse</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>memoryuse</secondary>
+ </indexterm>,
+ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÎÑÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ. óÀÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
+ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÓÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ,
+ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÜÔÏ
+ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>openfiles</literal></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
+ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>openfiles</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary>
+ <secondary>openfiles</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
+ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× É ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IPC, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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