svn commit: r43366 - head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users
Taras Korenko
taras at FreeBSD.org
Sun Dec 22 14:19:25 UTC 2013
Author: taras
Date: Sun Dec 22 14:19:25 2013
New Revision: 43366
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43366
Log:
The contents of ru/handbook/users is now syncronized to "Users and
Basic Account Management" of en/handbook/basics (r43328). The next
step is to integrate it into ru/handbook/basics.
Modified:
head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml
Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Sun Dec 22 11:40:52 2013 (r43365)
+++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Sun Dec 22 14:19:25 2013 (r43366)
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
Original revision: r43126
-->
-
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="users">
<info>
<title>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title>
@@ -24,33 +23,27 @@
<sect1 xml:id="users-synopsis">
<title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>
- <para>&os; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ
+ <para>&os; ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. ÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ
ÚÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ É ÐÅÒÅÄ ÜËÒÁÎÏÍ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para>
- <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>
+ <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>òÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
- &os;.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ É ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
+ <para>òÁÚÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÁËÉÅ
- ËÁË ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÍÕÀ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ.</para>
+ <para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ, ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ É ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ
- ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÁÍÑÔØ É ×ÒÅÍÑ
- ãðõ.</para>
+ <para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×
+ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -58,37 +51,86 @@
ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
- <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ <link linkend="basics">ÏÓÎÏ× &unix;
- É &os;</link>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="users-introduction">
- <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>
+ <title>òÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ</title>
<para>ôÁË ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ,
É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ
É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
- <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ
- ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ.</para>
+ <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÒÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.</para>
+
+ <sect2 xml:id="users-system">
+ <title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ
+ ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ
+ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ
+ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ:
+ <systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">bind</systemitem>,
+ <systemitem class="username">news</systemitem> É
+ <systemitem class="username">www</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem></secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ
+ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
+ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
+ <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+ É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ
+ ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 xml:id="users-user">
+ <title>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
+ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ,
+ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
+ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ×ÙÑÓÎÑÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ É ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
+
+ <para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ,
+ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÏË ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÑÚÙËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ
+ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ.</para>
+ <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ
+ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</term>
<listitem>
<para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ××ÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
- <prompt>login:</prompt>. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ
- × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
+ <prompt>login:</prompt>. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ × &man.passwd.5;.
- ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ
+ òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -98,8 +140,7 @@
<term>ðÁÒÏÌØ</term>
<listitem>
- <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. ðÁÒÏÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
- ÐÕÓÔÙÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
+ <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -108,21 +149,13 @@
<listitem>
<para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (<acronym>UID</acronym>) —
- ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ
- 65535<footnote xml:id="users-largeuidgid">
- <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
- <acronym>UID</acronym>/<acronym>GID</acronym> ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ
- 4294967295, ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ID ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
- ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÄÅÌÁÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Ï ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÈ
- ID.</para>
- </footnote>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. óÁÍÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ &os; ÄÌÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <acronym>UID</acronym>. ìÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
- &os;, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ
- ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë <acronym>UID</acronym>. íÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ,
- ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ <acronym>UID</acronym>. &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ
- ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ËÁË ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
+ ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;. ìÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ
+ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ
+ ÅÇÏ Ë <acronym>UID</acronym>. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
+ <acronym>UID</acronym>, ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ
+ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -131,48 +164,50 @@
<listitem>
<para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (<acronym>GID</acronym>) —
- ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ
- 65535<footnoteref linkend="users-largeuidgid"/>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ
- ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
- ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ
- ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å <acronym>GID</acronym> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
- ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ <acronym>UID</acronym>. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ
- ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ
- ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ.</para>
+ ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ
+ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ
+ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å <acronym>GID</acronym>
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ <acronym>UID</acronym>. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.
+ ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ
+ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
+ <acronym>GID</acronym>, ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ
+ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>ëÌÁÓÓ ÌÏÇÉÎÁ</term>
+ <term>ëÌÁÓÓ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ (login class)</term>
<listitem>
- <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÌÏÇÉÎÏ× ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÕ ÇÒÕÐÐ,
- ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ.</para>
+ <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÕ ÇÒÕÐÐ,
+ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÁÂÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×
+ <xref linkend="users-limiting"/>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</term>
+ <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</term>
<listitem>
- <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ &os; ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÕÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ.
- ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
+ <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÁÀÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ
+ ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</term>
+ <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</term>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os; ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÅ
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÒÏËÁ
- ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ,
- ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ
- ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ
- × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ
- ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ.</para>
+ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ, ÐÒÉ
+ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.pw.8; ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.
+ ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ
+ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -181,9 +216,10 @@
<listitem>
<para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ
- ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÎÏ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
- Ó ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
- ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para>
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
+ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÅ
+ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. úÄÅÓØ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÐÏÄÞÅÒËÉ×ÁÎÉÑ,
+ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ ÄÏ 8 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -212,36 +248,27 @@
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
-
- <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ:
- <link linkend="users-superuser">ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ</link>,
- <link linkend="users-system">ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</link>, É
- <link linkend="users-user">ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</link>.
- õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ
- <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
- ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
- ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
- ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ, É ÔÁË
- ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
+ </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="users-superuser">
- <title>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
+ <title>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary>ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root)</secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ
- <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
- ÄÌÑ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
- ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ,
- ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para>
-
- <para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ
- ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ
- ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ
- ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
+ <secondary>ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root)</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
+ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÎÁ
+ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
+ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ
+ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para>
+
+ <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
+ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
× ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÈ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÅÚÄÅ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para>
@@ -250,74 +277,45 @@
ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÂÅÚ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
- <para>÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
- ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÅÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.
- üÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ ËÁË Ë ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ, ÔÁË É
- Ë ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ
- ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É ËÁË ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
- ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="users-system">
- <title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</title>
-
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary>ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ</secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ
- ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ
- ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ
- ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para>
-
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary><systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem></secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary><systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem></secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ:
- <systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem>,
- <systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem>,
- <systemitem class="username">bind</systemitem>,
- <systemitem class="username">news</systemitem> É
- <systemitem class="username">www</systemitem>.</para>
+ <para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+ îÁÉÍÅÎÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ — ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÄ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ &man.su.1;. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ
+ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÌÀÞ <literal>-</literal>,
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÝÉÊ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ×
+ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
+ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÓÑ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÎÁÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para>
+
+ <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
+ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make install</command>, ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ
+ ÐÒÁ× ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
+ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔ <command>exit</command>, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ×ÙÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem></secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <para><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ
- ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
- ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
- <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
- É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ
- ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÁ× ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
- </sect2>
+ <example>
+ <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
- <sect2 xml:id="users-user">
- <title>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title>
+ <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>configure</userinput>
+&prompt.user; <userinput>make</userinput>
+&prompt.user; <userinput>su -</userinput>
+Password:
+&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
+&prompt.user;</screen>
+ </example>
- <indexterm>
- <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
- <secondary>ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</secondary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
- Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. üÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÉÚÏÌÉÒÕÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É
- ÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ
- ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ
- ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÂÅÚ ×ÌÉÑÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
-
- <para>ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÝÁÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÍÅÔØ
- ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ
- ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
- ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÞÕÖÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
-
- <para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ
- ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ,
- ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÚÙËÁ.</para>
+ <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.su.1; ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
+ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.
+ ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù ÅÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ
+ <package>security/sudo</package>. üÔÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
+ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ
+ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
+ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -329,12 +327,15 @@
<secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ
- ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ
- × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÈ
- ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
+ <para>&os; ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ
+ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. <xref linkend="users-modifying-utilities"/>
+ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ
+ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. úÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ
+ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÏ×.</para>
+
+ <table frame="none" pgwide="1" xml:id="users-modifying-utilities">
+ <title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title>
- <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="2*"/>
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@
</row>
<row>
<entry>&man.passwd.1;</entry>
- <entry>ðÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ
+ <entry>éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
- </informaltable>
+ </table>
<sect2 xml:id="users-adduser">
<title><command>adduser</command></title>
@@ -389,15 +390,29 @@
</indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ×</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>skeleton directory</primary></indexterm>
- <para>&man.adduser.8; ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
+ <para>äÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ &man.adduser.8;. ðÒÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> É
<filename>/etc/group</filename>. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ
<filename>/usr/share/skel</filename>, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ.</para>
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ.
+ üÔÕ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
- <example>
+ <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.adduser.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ. äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
+ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×. ëÁË
+ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × <xref linkend="users-modifying-adduser"/>,
+ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏÍ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ ××ÏÄ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ
+ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ <keycap>Return</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÑ
+ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÓËÏÂËÁÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
+ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ
+ <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ
+ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÅÍÕ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ
+ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.su.1;.
+ îÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÛÁÇÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÉÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
+ ÉÌÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
+
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-adduser">
<title>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × &os;</title>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser</userinput>
@@ -433,8 +448,8 @@ Goodbye!
</example>
<note>
- <para>ôÁË ËÁË ××ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ
- ÄÏÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
+ <para>ðÒÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÔÁÒÁÊÔÅÓØ
+ ÎÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
@@ -447,8 +462,9 @@ Goodbye!
<secondary>ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ
- &man.rmuser.8;. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para>
+ <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ
+ &man.rmuser.8; Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
+ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
@@ -481,20 +497,16 @@ Goodbye!
<step>
<para>õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×
- Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+ Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÚ
<filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, × <filename>/etc/group</filename> ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ
- ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É
- ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ.
- üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ
- ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &man.adduser.8;.</para>
- </note>
+ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ
+ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
+ ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ
+ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &man.adduser.8;.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -514,12 +526,7 @@ Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh
Is this the entry you wish to remove? <userinput>y</userinput>
Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <userinput>y</userinput>
-Updating password file, updating databases, done.
-Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
-Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
-Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
-Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
-Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
+Removing user (jru): mailspool home passwd.
&prompt.root;</screen>
</example>
</sect2>
@@ -528,12 +535,10 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /va
<title><command>chpass</command></title>
<indexterm><primary><command>chpass</command></primary></indexterm>
- <para>&man.chpass.1; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
- × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ: ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ
- ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.</para>
-
- <para>ôÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.chpass.1;.</para>
+ <para>ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.chpass.1; ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ
+ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÕÀ Ó ÅÇÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ. é ÔÏÌØËÏ
+ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× (ËÒÏÍÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ), &man.chpass.1; ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ
@@ -541,12 +546,20 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /va
ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
<note>
- <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
- ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para>
+ <para>åÓÌÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ
+ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
</note>
- <example>
- <title>éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command>
+ <para>÷ <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-su"/> ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ,
+ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>chpass jru</command>, ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
+ ÐÏÌÑ. åÓÌÉ <systemitem class="username">jru</systemitem> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ
+ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÔÏ ÌÉÛØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÛÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÏË ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
+ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ×
+ <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-ru"/>.</para>
+
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-su">
+ <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
<screen>#Changing user database information for jru.
@@ -566,11 +579,8 @@ Home Phone:
Other information:</screen>
</example>
- <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ
- ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
-
- <example>
- <title>éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
+ <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-ru">
+ <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>
<screen>#Changing user database information for jru.
@@ -585,12 +595,13 @@ Other information:</screen>
<note>
<para>&man.chfn.1; É &man.chsh.1; ÜÔÏ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ
&man.chpass.1;, ËÁË É &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1; É
- &man.ypchsh.1;. <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ,
- ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ <literal>yp</literal> ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.
- îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ ×
- <xref linkend="network-servers"/>.</para>
+ &man.ypchsh.1;. ôÁË ËÁË <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ <literal>yp</literal> ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ
+ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × <xref linkend="network-servers"/>.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
+
<sect2 xml:id="users-passwd">
<title><command>passwd</command></title>
@@ -599,16 +610,10 @@ Other information:</screen>
<primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary>
<secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>&man.passwd.1; ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
- ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ,
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
- ÐÁÒÏÌÑ. ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
- ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.</para>
- </note>
+ <para>ìÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
+ &man.passwd.1;. äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ
+ ÎÅÓÁÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ:</para>
<example>
<title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</title>
@@ -622,6 +627,12 @@ passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done</screen>
</example>
+ <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
+ ÕËÁÚÁ× ÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.passwd.1;. õÔÉÌÉÔÁ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÁÑ
+ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÎÅ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ
+ ÚÁÂÙ×ÞÉ×ÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ.</para>
+
<example>
<title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ</title>
@@ -636,8 +647,8 @@ passwd: done</screen>
<note>
<para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó &man.chpass.1;, &man.yppasswd.1; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ
- ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ NIS ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ
- ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ.</para>
+ ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
+ Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
@@ -664,8 +675,9 @@ passwd: done</screen>
<secondary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
- ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á
- ×ÉÄÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×.</para>
+ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ
+ Ë×ÏÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ×ÉÄÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ
+ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Ë×ÏÔÙ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
@@ -785,9 +797,9 @@ passwd: done</screen>
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ
É ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÅ, É ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÌÉÍÉÔ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
- &man.sysctl.8; <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. þÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+ &man.sysctl.8; <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÍÅÈÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
- ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
+ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÅÍÕ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ,
ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para>
@@ -827,7 +839,7 @@ passwd: done</screen>
<listitem>
<para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ<indexterm><primary>openfiles</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary><secondary>openfiles</secondary></indexterm>
- ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
+ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× É ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IPC, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ
ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ,
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
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