svn commit: r44900 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Wed May 21 15:17:22 UTC 2014
Author: dru
Date: Wed May 21 15:17:21 2014
New Revision: 44900
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44900
Log:
Editorial review of Prepare the Installation Media section.
Describe the available installation files.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 15:13:37 2014 (r44899)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 15:17:21 2014 (r44900)
@@ -431,116 +431,126 @@
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media">
<title>Prepare the Installation Media</title>
- <para>A &os; installation is started by booting the computer
- with a &os; installation <acronym>CD</acronym>,
- <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or <acronym>USB</acronym> memory
- stick. The installer is not a program that can be run from
- within another operating system.</para>
-
- <para>In addition to the standard installation media which
- contains copies of all the &os; installation files, there is a
- <emphasis>bootonly</emphasis> variant. Bootonly install media
- does not have copies of the installation files, but downloads
- them from the network during an install. The bootonly install
- <acronym>CD</acronym> is consequently much smaller, and
- reduces bandwidth usage during the install by only downloading
- required files.</para>
+ <para>The &os; installer is not an application that can be run from
+ within another operating system. Instead, download a &os;
+ installation file, burn it to the media associated with its
+ file type and size (<acronym>CD</acronym>,
+ <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or <acronym>USB</acronym>), and boot
+ the system to install from the inserted media.</para>
- <para>Copies of &os; installation media are available at <link
+ <para>&os; installation files are available at <link
xlink:href="&url.base;/where.html#download">www.freebsd.org/where.html#download</link>.
- Also download <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename> from the
- same directory as the image file, and use it to check the
+ Each installation file's name includes the release version of
+ &os;, the architecture, and the type of file. For example, to
+ install &os; 10.0 on an &arch.amd64; system from a
+ <acronym>DVD</acronym>, download
+ <filename>FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso</filename>,
+ burn this file to a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, and boot the
+ system with the <acronym>DVD</acronym> inserted.</para>
+
+ <para>Several file types are available, though not all file
+ types are available for all architectures. The possible file
+ types are:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>-bootonly.iso</literal>: This is the smallest
+ installation file as it only contains the installer. A
+ working Internet connection is required during
+ installation as the installer will download the files it
+ needs to complete the &os; installation. This file should
+ be burned to a <acronym>CD</acronym> using a
+ <acronym>CD</acronym> burning application.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>-disc1.iso</literal>: This file contains all
+ of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and the
+ Ports Collection. It should be burned to a
+ <acronym>CD</acronym> using a <acronym>CD</acronym>
+ burning application.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>-dvd1.iso</literal>: This file contains all
+ of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and the
+ Ports Collection. It also contains a set of popular
+ binary packages for installing a window manager and some
+ applications so that a complete system can be installed
+ from media without requiring a connection to the Internet.
+ This file should be burned to a <acronym>DVD</acronym>
+ using a <acronym>DVD</acronym> burning application.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>-memstick.img</literal>: This file contains
+ all of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and
+ the Ports Collection. It should be burned to a
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> stick using the instructions
+ below.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Also download <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename> from the
+ same directory as the image file and use it to check the
image file's integrity by calculating a
- <emphasis>checksum</emphasis>. &os; provides &man.sha256.1;
+ <firstterm>checksum</firstterm>. &os; provides &man.sha256.1;
for this, while other operating systems have similar programs.
Compare the calculated checksum with the one shown in
<filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename>. The checksums must
match exactly. If the checksums do not match, the file is
- corrupt and should be discarded.</para>
+ corrupt and should be downloaded again.</para>
- <tip>
- <para>If a copy of &os; already exists on
- <acronym>CD</acronym>, <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or
- <acronym>USB</acronym> memory stick, this section can be
- skipped.</para>
- </tip>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Burning an Image File to <acronym>USB</acronym></title>
- <para>&os; <acronym>CD</acronym> and <acronym>DVD</acronym>
- images are bootable <acronym>ISO</acronym> files. Only one
- <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> is needed for
- an install. Burn the <acronym>ISO</acronym> image to a
- bootable <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> using
- the burning applications available with the current operating
- system. On &os;, recording is provided by
- <command>cdrecord</command> from
- <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package>, installed from the Ports
- Collection.</para>
-
- <para>To create a bootable memory stick, follow these
- steps:</para>
-
- <procedure xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media-memory-stick">
- <step>
- <title>Acquire the Memory Stick Image</title>
-
- <para>Memory stick images for &os; 9.0-RELEASE and
- later can be downloaded from the
- <filename>ISO-IMAGES/</filename>
- directory at
- <literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/ISO-IMAGES/<replaceable>version</replaceable>/&os;-<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-memstick.img</literal>.
- Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and
- <replaceable>version</replaceable> with the architecture
- and the version number to install, respectively. For
- example, the memory stick images for
- &os;/&arch.i386; 9.0-RELEASE are available from <uri
- xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/9.0/&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/9.0/&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img</uri>.</para>
-
- <tip>
- <para>A different directory path is used for
- &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier
- versions. Details of download and installation of
- &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier is
- covered in <xref linkend="install"/>.</para>
- </tip>
-
- <para>The memory stick image has a <filename>.img</filename>
- extension. The <filename>ISO-IMAGES/</filename> directory
- contains a number of different images, and the one needed
- depends on the version of &os; being installed, and in
- some cases, the target hardware.</para>
+ <para>Since the <filename>*.img</filename> file is an
+ <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of a
+ memory stick, it <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> just be copied
+ to the target device. Several applications are available
+ for burning the <filename>*.img</filename> to a
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> stick. This section describes two
+ of these utilities.</para>
<important>
- <para>Before proceeding, <emphasis>back up</emphasis> the
- data on the USB stick, as this procedure will
- <emphasis>erase</emphasis> it.</para>
+ <para>Before proceeding, back up any important
+ data on the <acronym>USB</acronym> stick as this procedure will
+ erase the existing data on the stick.</para>
</important>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <title>Write the Image File to the Memory Stick</title>
<procedure>
- <title>Using &os; to Write the Image</title>
+ <title>Using <command>dd</command> to Write the
+ Image</title>
<warning>
- <para>The example below shows
+ <para>This example uses
<filename>/dev/da0</filename> as the target device
- where the image will be written. Be very careful that
- the correct device is used as the output target, as
- this command will destroy existing data.</para>
+ where the image will be written. Be <emphasis>very
+ careful</emphasis> that the correct device is used as
+ this command will destroy the existing data on the
+ specified target device.</para>
</warning>
<step>
- <title>Writing the Image with &man.dd.1;</title>
-
- <para>The <filename>.img</filename> file is
- <emphasis>not</emphasis> a regular file. It is an
- <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of
- the memory stick. It <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> be
- copied like a regular file, but must be written
- directly to the target device with &man.dd.1;:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img of=/dev/<replaceable>da0</replaceable> bs=64k</userinput></screen>
+ <para>The <command>dd</command> command-line utility is
+ included on BSD, Linux, and &macos; systems. To burn
+ the image using <command>dd</command>, insert the
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> stick and determine its device
+ name. Then, specify the name of the downloaded
+ installation file and the device name for the
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> stick. This example burns the
+ &arch.amd64; installation image to the first
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> device on an existing &os;
+ system.</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=<replaceable>FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img</replaceable> of=/dev/<replaceable>da0</replaceable> bs=64k</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>Should this command fail, verify that the
+ <acronym>USB</acronym> stick is not mounted and that
+ the device name is for the disk, not a partition.
+ Depending upon the operating system, this command may
+ need to be issued using
+ <command>sudo</command>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -549,7 +559,7 @@
<warning>
<para>Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the
- output target, as existing data will be overwritten
+ existing data on the specified drive will be overwritten
and destroyed.</para>
</warning>
@@ -583,15 +593,9 @@
write the image file to the memory stick.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <note>
- <para>Installation from floppy disks is no longer
- supported.</para>
- </note>
<para>You are now ready to start installing &os;.</para>
+ </sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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