svn commit: r43599 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction
Warren Block
wblock at FreeBSD.org
Mon Jan 20 22:35:38 UTC 2014
Author: wblock
Date: Mon Jan 20 22:35:37 2014
New Revision: 43599
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43599
Log:
Whitespace-only fixes, translators please ignore.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml Mon Jan 20 22:33:46 2014 (r43598)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml Mon Jan 20 22:35:37 2014 (r43599)
@@ -4,16 +4,25 @@
$FreeBSD$
-->
-<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="introduction">
- <info><title>Introduction</title>
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
+ xml:id="introduction">
+
+ <info>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
<authorgroup>
- <author><personname><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Mock</surname></personname><contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts
- rewritten by </contrib></author>
+ <author>
+ <personname>
+ <firstname>Jim</firstname>
+ <surname>Mock</surname>
+ </personname>
+ <contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten
+ by </contrib>
+ </author>
</authorgroup>
</info>
-
-
<sect1 xml:id="introduction-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
@@ -54,15 +63,15 @@
<indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
- <para>&os; is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for
- Intel (x86 and &itanium;), AMD64, Sun
- &ultrasparc; computers. Ports to other
- architectures are also underway. You can also
- read about <link linkend="history">the history of &os;</link>,
- or the <link linkend="relnotes">current release</link>. If you
- are interested in contributing something to the Project (code,
- hardware, funding), see the <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/index.html">Contributing to
- &os;</link> article.</para>
+ <para>&os; is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel (x86
+ and &itanium;), AMD64, Sun &ultrasparc; computers. Ports to
+ other architectures are also underway. You can also read about
+ <link linkend="history">the history of &os;</link>, or the
+ <link linkend="relnotes">current release</link>. If you are
+ interested in contributing something to the Project (code,
+ hardware, funding), see the <link
+ xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/index.html">Contributing
+ to &os;</link> article.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="os-overview">
<title>What Can &os; Do?</title>
@@ -72,8 +81,8 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><emphasis>Preemptive
- multitasking</emphasis><indexterm>
+ <para><emphasis>Preemptive multitasking</emphasis>
+ <indexterm>
<primary>preemptive multitasking</primary>
</indexterm> with dynamic priority adjustment to ensure
smooth and fair sharing of the computer between
@@ -116,11 +125,12 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The industry standard <emphasis>X Window
- System</emphasis><indexterm>
- <primary>X Window System</primary>
- </indexterm> (X11R7) can provide a graphical user interface
- (GUI) on any machine and comes with full sources.</para>
+ <para>The industry standard
+ <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis><indexterm>
+ <primary>X Window System</primary>
+ </indexterm> (X11R7) can provide a graphical user
+ interface (GUI) on any machine and comes with full
+ sources.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -350,10 +360,12 @@
<primary>embedded</primary>
</indexterm>
With support for the &arm;, &mips; and &powerpc;
- platforms, coupled with a robust network stack,
- cutting edge features and the permissive <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions">BSD license</link>
- &os; makes an excellent foundation for building
- embedded routers, firewalls, and other devices.</para>
+ platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, cutting
+ edge features and the permissive <link
+ xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions">BSD
+ license</link> &os; makes an excellent foundation for
+ building embedded routers, firewalls, and other
+ devices.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -393,7 +405,8 @@
</itemizedlist>
<para>&os; is available to download free of charge, or can be
- obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see <xref linkend="mirrors"/> for more information about obtaining
+ obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see
+ <xref linkend="mirrors"/> for more information about obtaining
&os;.</para>
</sect2>
@@ -413,50 +426,63 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Apache</primary></indexterm> - The Apache
- Software Foundation runs most of its public facing
- infrastructure, including possibly one of the largest SVN
- repositories in the world with over 1.4 million commits,
- on &os;.</para>
+
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Apache</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The Apache Software Foundation runs most of
+ its public facing infrastructure, including possibly one
+ of the largest SVN repositories in the world with over 1.4
+ million commits, on &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Apple</primary></indexterm> - OS X borrows
- heavily from &os; for the network stack, virtual file
- system, and many userland components. Apple iOS also
- contains elements borrowed from &os;.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Apple</primary>
+ </indexterm> - OS X borrows heavily from &os; for the
+ network stack, virtual file system, and many userland
+ components. Apple iOS also contains elements borrowed
+ from &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.cisco.com/">Cisco</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Cisco</primary></indexterm> - IronPort network
- security and anti-spam appliances run a modified &os;
- kernel.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.cisco.com/">Cisco</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Cisco</primary>
+ </indexterm> - IronPort network security and anti-spam
+ appliances run a modified &os; kernel.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.citrix.com/">Citrix</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Citrix</primary></indexterm> - The NetScaler
- line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load
- balancing, content caching, application firewall, secure
- VPN, and mobile cloud network access, along with the power
- of a &os; shell.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.citrix.com/">Citrix</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Citrix</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The NetScaler line of security appliances
+ provide layer 4-7 load balancing, content caching,
+ application firewall, secure VPN, and mobile cloud network
+ access, along with the power of a &os; shell.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.dell.com/KACE">Dell
- KACE</link><indexterm><primary>Dell
- KACE</primary></indexterm> - The KACE system
- management appliances run &os; because of its
- reliability, scalability, and the community that supports
- its continued development.</para>
+ KACE</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Dell KACE</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The KACE system management appliances run
+ &os; because of its reliability, scalability, and the
+ community that supports its continued development.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.experts-exchange.com/">Experts
- Exchange</link><indexterm>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.experts-exchange.com/">Experts
+ Exchange</link>
+ <indexterm>
<primary>Experts Exchange</primary>
</indexterm> - All public facing web servers are powered
by &os; and they make extensive use of jails to isolate
@@ -465,133 +491,171 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.isilon.com/">Isilon</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Isilon</primary></indexterm> - Isilon's
- enterprise storage appliances are based on &os;. The
- extremely liberal &os; license allowed Isilon to integrate
- their intellectual property throughout the kernel and
- focus on building their product instead of an operating
- system.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.isilon.com/">Isilon</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Isilon</primary>
+ </indexterm> - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances
+ are based on &os;. The extremely liberal &os; license
+ allowed Isilon to integrate their intellectual property
+ throughout the kernel and focus on building their product
+ instead of an operating system.</para>
+
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.ixsystems.com/">iXsystems</link><indexterm>
- <primary>iXsystems</primary></indexterm> - The TrueNAS
- line of unified storage appliances is based on &os;. In
- addition to their commercial products, iXsystems also
- manages development of the open source projects PC-BSD
- and FreeNAS.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.ixsystems.com/">iXsystems</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>iXsystems</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage
+ appliances is based on &os;. In addition to their
+ commercial products, iXsystems also manages development of
+ the open source projects PC-BSD and FreeNAS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.juniper.net/">Juniper</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Juniper</primary></indexterm> - The JunOS
- operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear
- (including routers, switches, security, and networking
- appliances) is based on &os;. Juniper is one of many
- vendors that showcases the symbiotic relationship between
- the project and vendors of commercial products.
- Improvements generated at Juniper are upstreamed into
- &os; to reduce the complexity of integrating new
- features from &os; back into JunOS in the future.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.juniper.net/">Juniper</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Juniper</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The JunOS operating system that powers all
+ Juniper networking gear (including routers, switches,
+ security, and networking appliances) is based on &os;.
+ Juniper is one of many vendors that showcases the
+ symbiotic relationship between the project and vendors of
+ commercial products. Improvements generated at Juniper
+ are upstreamed into &os; to reduce the complexity of
+ integrating new features from &os; back into JunOS in the
+ future.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.mcafee.com/">McAfee</link><indexterm>
- <primary>McAfee</primary></indexterm> - SecurOS, the
- basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including
- Sidewinder is based on &os;.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.mcafee.com/">McAfee</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>McAfee</primary>
+ </indexterm> - SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise
+ firewall products including Sidewinder is based on
+ &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netapp.com/">NetApp</link><indexterm>
- <primary>NetApp</primary></indexterm> - The Data ONTAP
- GX line of storage appliances are based on &os;. In
- addition, NetApp has contributed back many features,
- including the new BSD licensed hypervisor, bhyve.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.netapp.com/">NetApp</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>NetApp</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The Data ONTAP GX line of storage
+ appliances are based on &os;. In addition, NetApp has
+ contributed back many features, including the new BSD
+ licensed hypervisor, bhyve.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netflix.com/">Netflix</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Netflix</primary></indexterm> - The OpenConnect
- appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its
- customers is based on &os;. Netflix has make extensive
- contributions to the codebase and works to maintain a zero
- delta from mainline &os;. Netflix OpenConnect appliances
- are responsible for delivering more than 32% of all
- Internet traffic in North America.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.netflix.com/">Netflix</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Netflix</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix
+ uses to stream movies to its customers is based on &os;.
+ Netflix has make extensive contributions to the codebase
+ and works to maintain a zero delta from mainline &os;.
+ Netflix OpenConnect appliances are responsible for
+ delivering more than 32% of all Internet traffic in North
+ America.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sandvine.com/">Sandvine</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Sandvine</primary></indexterm> -
- Sandvine uses &os; as the basis of their high
- performance realtime network processing platforms that
- make up their intelligent network policy control
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.sandvine.com/">Sandvine</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Sandvine</primary>
+ </indexterm> - Sandvine uses &os; as the basis of their
+ high performance realtime network processing platforms
+ that make up their intelligent network policy control
products.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.sony.com/">Sony</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Sony</primary></indexterm> -
- The PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version
- of &os;.</para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Sony</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a
+ modified version of &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sophos.com/">Sophos</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Sophos</primary></indexterm> -
- The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a
- hardened &os; and scans inbound mail for spam and viruses,
- while also monitoring outbound mail for malware as well as
- the accidental loss of sensitive information.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.sophos.com/">Sophos</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Sophos</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The Sophos Email Appliance product is based
+ on a hardened &os; and scans inbound mail for spam and
+ viruses, while also monitoring outbound mail for malware
+ as well as the accidental loss of sensitive
+ information.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.spectralogic.com/">Spectra Logic</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Spectra Logic</primary></indexterm> -
- The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run
- &os; and OpenZFS.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.spectralogic.com/">Spectra
+ Logic</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Spectra Logic</primary>
+ </indexterm> - The nTier line of archive grade storage
+ appliances run &os; and OpenZFS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.weather.com/">The Weather
- Channel</link><indexterm><primary>The Weather
- Channel</primary></indexterm> - The IntelliStar
- appliance that is installed at each local cable
- providers headend and is responsible for injecting local
- weather forecasts into the cable TV network's programming
- runs &os;.</para>
+ Channel</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>The Weather Channel</primary>
+
+ </indexterm> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed
+ at each local cable providers headend and is responsible
+ for injecting local weather forecasts into the cable TV
+ network's programming runs &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.verisign.com/">Verisign</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Verisign</primary></indexterm> -
- Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net
- root domain registries as well as the accompanying DNS
- infrastructure. They rely on a number of different
- network operating systems including &os; to ensure there
- is no common point of failure in their
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.verisign.com/">Verisign</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Verisign</primary>
+
+ </indexterm> - Verisign is responsible for operating the
+ .com and .net root domain registries as well as the
+ accompanying DNS infrastructure. They rely on a number of
+ different network operating systems including &os; to
+ ensure there is no common point of failure in their
infrastructure.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.whatsapp.com/">WhatsApp</link>
- <indexterm><primary>WhatsApp</primary></indexterm> - When
- WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle
- more than 1 million concurrent TCP connections per server,
- they chose &os;. They then proceeded to scale past 2.5
- million connections per server.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.whatsapp.com/">WhatsApp</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>WhatsApp</primary>
+ </indexterm> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would
+ be able to handle more than 1 million concurrent TCP
+ connections per server, they chose &os;. They then
+ proceeded to scale past 2.5 million connections per
+ server.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://wheelsystems.com/en/">Wheel Systems</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Wheel Systems</primary></indexterm> -
- The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to
- monitor, control, record, and audit contractors and
- administrators who work on their systems. Based on all of
- the best security features of &os; including ZFS, GELI,
- Capsicum, HAST, and auditdistd.</para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://wheelsystems.com/en/">Wheel
+ Systems</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Wheel Systems</primary>
+
+ </indexterm> - The FUDO security appliance allows
+ enterprises to monitor, control, record, and audit
+ contractors and administrators who work on their systems.
+ Based on all of the best security features of &os;
+ including ZFS, GELI, Capsicum, HAST, and
+ auditdistd.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -600,74 +664,94 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://bsdrp.net/">BSD Router</link><indexterm>
- <primary>BSD Router</primary></indexterm> - A &os; based
- replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run
- on standard PC hardware.</para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://bsdrp.net/">BSD
+ Router</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>BSD Router</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A &os; based replacement for large
+ enterprise routers designed to run on standard PC
+ hardware.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.freenas.org/">FreeNAS</link><indexterm>
- <primary>FreeNAS</primary></indexterm> - A customized
- &os; designed to be used as a network file server
- appliance. Provides a python based web interface to
- simplify the management of both the UFS and ZFS file
- systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS, AFP, FTP,
- and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system based on
- &os; jails.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.freenas.org/">FreeNAS</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>FreeNAS</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A customized &os; designed to be used as a
+ network file server appliance. Provides a python based
+ web interface to simplify the management of both the UFS
+ and ZFS file systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS,
+ AFP, FTP, and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system
+ based on &os; jails.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.ghostbsd.org/">GhostBSD</link><indexterm>
- <primary>GhostBSD</primary></indexterm> - A desktop
- oriented distribution of &os; bundled with the Gnome
- desktop environment.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.ghostbsd.org/">GhostBSD</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>GhostBSD</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A desktop oriented distribution of &os;
+ bundled with the Gnome desktop environment.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/">mfsBSD</link><indexterm>
- <primary>mfsBSD</primary></indexterm> - A toolkit for
- building a &os; system image that runs entirely from
- memory.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/">mfsBSD</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>mfsBSD</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A toolkit for building a &os; system image
+ that runs entirely from memory.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.nas4free.org/">NAS4Free</link><indexterm>
- <primary>NAS4Free</primary></indexterm> - A file server
- distribution based on &os; with a PHP powered web
- interface.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.nas4free.org/">NAS4Free</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>NAS4Free</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A file server distribution based on &os;
+ with a PHP powered web interface.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">PC-BSD</link><indexterm>
- <primary>PC-BSD</primary></indexterm> - A customized
- version of &os; geared towards desktop users with
- graphical utilities to exposing the power of &os; to
- all users. Designed to ease the transition of Windows and
- OS X users.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">PC-BSD</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>PC-BSD</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A customized version of &os; geared towards
+ desktop users with graphical utilities to exposing the
+ power of &os; to all users. Designed to ease the
+ transition of Windows and OS X users.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.pfsense.org/">pfSense</link><indexterm>
- <primary>pfSense</primary></indexterm> - A firewall
- distribution based on &os; with a huge array of features
- and extensive IPv6 support.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.pfsense.org/">pfSense</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>pfSense</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A firewall distribution based on &os; with
+ a huge array of features and extensive IPv6
+ support.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://m0n0.ch/wall/">m0n0wall</link><indexterm>
- <primary>m0n0wall</primary></indexterm> - A stripped
- down version of &os; bundled with a web server and PHP.
- Designed as an embedded firewall appliance with a
- footprint of less than 12 MB.</para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://m0n0.ch/wall/">m0n0wall</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>m0n0wall</primary>
+ </indexterm> - A stripped down version of &os; bundled
+ with a web server and PHP. Designed as an embedded
+ firewall appliance with a footprint of less than
+ 12 MB.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://zrouter.org/">ZRouter</link><indexterm>
- <primary>ZRouter</primary></indexterm> - An open source
- alternative firmware for embedded devices based on &os;.
- Designed to replace the proprietary firmware on
- off-the-shelf routers.</para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://zrouter.org/">ZRouter</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ZRouter</primary>
+ </indexterm> - An open source alternative firmware for
+ embedded devices based on &os;. Designed to replace the
+ proprietary firmware on off-the-shelf routers.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -676,69 +760,94 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Yahoo!</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Yahoo!</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yandex.ru/">Yandex</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Yandex</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yandex.ru/">Yandex</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Yandex</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.rambler.ru/">Rambler</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Rambler</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.rambler.ru/">Rambler</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Rambler</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sina.com/">Sina</link><indexterm>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sina.com/">Sina</link>
+ <indexterm>
<primary>Sina</primary>
</indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.pair.com/">Pair
- Networks</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Pair Networks</primary></indexterm></para>
+ Networks</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Pair Networks</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.sony.co.jp/">Sony
- Japan</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Sony Japan</primary></indexterm></para>
+ Japan</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Sony Japan</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netcraft.com/">Netcraft</link><indexterm>
- <primary>Netcraft</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.netcraft.com/">Netcraft</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Netcraft</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect">Netflix</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Netflix</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect">Netflix</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Netflix</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.163.com/">NetEase</link><indexterm>
- <primary>NetEase</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://www.163.com/">NetEase</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>NetEase</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.weathernews.com/">Weathernews</link>
- <indexterm><primary>Weathernews</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.weathernews.com/">Weathernews</link>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Weathernews</primary>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.telehouse.com/">TELEHOUSE
- America</link><indexterm>
+ America</link>
+ <indexterm>
<primary>TELEHOUSE America</primary>
</indexterm></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a <link xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD">
- list of products based on &os;</link></para>
+ <para>and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a <link
+ xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD">list
+ of products based on &os;</link></para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -760,19 +869,18 @@
<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>history</secondary>
</indexterm>
+
<para>The &os; Project had its genesis in the early part
of 1993, partially as an outgrowth of the Unofficial
- 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3
- coordinators: Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan
- Hubbard.</para>
+ 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate
+ Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan Hubbard.</para>
<indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
<para>The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot
of 386BSD in order to fix a number of problems with it that
the patchkit mechanism just was not capable of solving. The
- early working title for the project was
- 386BSD 0.5 or 386BSD Interim in
- reference of that fact.</para>
+ early working title for the project was 386BSD 0.5 or 386BSD
+ Interim in reference of that fact.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Jolitz, Bill</primary></indexterm>
<para>386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been
@@ -787,21 +895,22 @@
<indexterm><primary>Greenman, David</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Walnut Creek CDROM</primary></indexterm>
- <para>The trio thought that the goal remained
- worthwhile, even without Bill's support, and so they adopted
- the name "&os;" coined by David Greenman. The initial
- objectives were set after consulting with the system's current
- users and, once it became clear that the project was on the
- road to perhaps even becoming a reality, Jordan contacted
- Walnut Creek CDROM with an eye toward improving &os;'s
- distribution channels for those many unfortunates without easy
- access to the Internet. Walnut Creek CDROM not only supported
- the idea of distributing &os; on CD but also went so far as to
- provide the project with a machine to work on and a fast
- Internet connection. Without Walnut Creek CDROM's almost
- unprecedented degree of faith in what was, at the time, a
- completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that &os;
- would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today.</para>
+
+ <para>The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even
+ without Bill's support, and so they adopted the name "&os;"
+ coined by David Greenman. The initial objectives were set
+ after consulting with the system's current users and, once it
+ became clear that the project was on the road to perhaps even
+ becoming a reality, Jordan contacted Walnut Creek CDROM with
+ an eye toward improving &os;'s distribution channels for those
+ many unfortunates without easy access to the Internet. Walnut
+ Creek CDROM not only supported the idea of distributing &os;
+ on CD but also went so far as to provide the project with a
+ machine to work on and a fast Internet connection. Without
+ Walnut Creek CDROM's almost unprecedented degree of faith in
+ what was, at the time, a completely unknown project, it is
+ quite unlikely that &os; would have gotten as far, as fast, as
+ it has today.</para>
<indexterm><primary>4.3BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Net/2</primary></indexterm>
@@ -847,11 +956,10 @@
requirements) and the fact that the Intel port of 4.4 was
highly incomplete. It took the project until November of 1994
to make this transition, and in December it released
- &os; 2.0 to the world.
- Despite being still more than a little rough around the edges,
- the release was a significant success and was followed by the
- more robust and easier to install &os; 2.0.5 release in
- June of 1995.</para>
+ &os; 2.0 to the world. Despite being still more than a
+ little rough around the edges, the release was a significant
+ success and was followed by the more robust and easier to
+ install &os; 2.0.5 release in June of 1995.</para>
<para>Since that time, &os; has made a series of releases each
time improving the stability, speed, and feature set of the
@@ -859,19 +967,26 @@
<para>For now, long-term development projects continue to take
place in the 10.X-CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot
- releases of 10.X are continually made available from <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">the
+ releases of 10.X are continually made available from <link
+ xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">the
snapshot server</link> as work progresses.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="goals">
- <info><title>&os; Project Goals</title>
+ <info>
+ <title>&os; Project Goals</title>
+
<authorgroup>
- <author><personname><firstname>Jordan</firstname><surname>Hubbard</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author>
+ <author>
+ <personname>
+ <firstname>Jordan</firstname>
+ <surname>Hubbard</surname>
+ </personname>
+ <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
+ </author>
</authorgroup>
</info>
-
-
<indexterm>
<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>goals</secondary>
@@ -906,23 +1021,31 @@
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="development">
- <info><title>The &os; Development Model</title>
+ <info>
+ <title>The &os; Development Model</title>
+
<authorgroup>
- <author><personname><firstname>Satoshi</firstname><surname>Asami</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author>
+ <author>
+ <personname>
+ <firstname>Satoshi</firstname>
+ <surname>Asami</surname>
+ </personname>
+ <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
+ </author>
</authorgroup>
</info>
-
-
<indexterm>
<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>development model</secondary>
</indexterm>
+
<para>The development of &os; is a very open and flexible
- process, being literally built from the contributions
- of thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from
- our <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">list of
- contributors</link>. &os;'s development infrastructure
+ process, being literally built from the contributions of
+ thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from our
+ <link
+ xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">list
+ of contributors</link>. &os;'s development infrastructure
allow these thousands of contributors to collaborate over the
Internet. We are constantly on the lookout for new developers
and ideas, and those interested in becoming more closely
@@ -937,7 +1060,9 @@
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term>The SVN repositories<anchor xml:id="development-cvs-repository"/></term>
+ <term>The SVN repositories<anchor
+ xml:id="development-cvs-repository"/></term>
+
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
@@ -969,50 +1094,56 @@
was maintained by
<link xlink:href="http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</link>
(Concurrent Versions System), a freely available source
- code control tool. In June
- 2008, the Project switched to using <link xlink:href="http://subversion.tigris.org">SVN</link>
+ code control tool. In June 2008, the Project switched
+ to using <link
+ xlink:href="http://subversion.tigris.org">SVN</link>
(Subversion). The switch was deemed necessary, as the
technical limitations imposed by
- <application>CVS</application> were becoming obvious
- due to the rapid expansion of the source tree and the
- amount of history already stored. The Documentation
- Project and Ports Collection repositories also moved
- from <application>CVS</application> to
+ <application>CVS</application> were becoming obvious due
+ to the rapid expansion of the source tree and the amount
+ of history already stored. The Documentation Project
+ and Ports Collection repositories also moved from
+ <application>CVS</application> to
<application>SVN</application> in May 2012 and July
- 2012, respectively. Please
- refer to the <link linkend="synching">Synchronizing
- your source tree</link> section for more information on
- obtaining the &os; <literal>src/</literal> repository
- and <link linkend="ports-using">Using the Ports
+ 2012, respectively. Please refer to the <link
+ linkend="synching">Synchronizing your source
+ tree</link> section for more information on obtaining
+ the &os; <literal>src/</literal> repository and <link
+ linkend="ports-using">Using the Ports
Collection</link> for details on obtaining the &os;
Ports Collection.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>The committers list<anchor xml:id="development-committers"/></term>
+ <term>The committers list<anchor
+ xml:id="development-committers"/></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The <firstterm>committers</firstterm><indexterm>
- <primary>committers</primary></indexterm>
- are the people who have <emphasis>write</emphasis>
- access to the Subversion tree, and are authorized to
- make modifications to the &os; source (the term
- <quote>committer</quote> comes from the source control
- <command>commit</command> command, which is used to
- bring new changes into the repository). The best way of
- making submissions for review by the committers list is
- to use the &man.send-pr.1; command. If something
- appears to be jammed in the system, then you may also
- reach them by sending mail to the &a.committers;.</para>
+ <para>The <firstterm>committers</firstterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>committers</primary>
+ </indexterm> are the people who have
+ <emphasis>write</emphasis> access to the Subversion
+ tree, and are authorized to make modifications to the
+ &os; source (the term <quote>committer</quote> comes
+ from the source control <command>commit</command>
+ command, which is used to bring new changes into the
+ repository). The best way of making submissions for
+ review by the committers list is to use the
+ &man.send-pr.1; command. If something appears to be
+ jammed in the system, then you may also reach them by
+ sending mail to the &a.committers;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor xml:id="development-core"/></term>
+ <term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor
+ xml:id="development-core"/></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The <firstterm>&os; core team</firstterm><indexterm>
+ <para>The <firstterm>&os; core team</firstterm>
+ <indexterm>
<primary>core team</primary>
</indexterm> would be equivalent to the board of
directors if the &os; Project were a company. The
@@ -1032,9 +1163,9 @@
it comes to &os; development and do not benefit from
the project financially, so <quote>commitment</quote>
should also not be misconstrued as meaning
- <quote>guaranteed support.</quote> The <quote>board
- of directors</quote> analogy above is not very
- accurate, and it may be more suitable to say that
+ <quote>guaranteed support.</quote> The
+ <quote>board of directors</quote> analogy above is not
+ very accurate, and it may be more suitable to say that
these are the people who gave up their lives in favor
of &os; against their better judgement!</para>
</note>
@@ -1050,19 +1181,23 @@
and bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The
primary way of keeping in touch with &os;'s more
non-centralized development is to subscribe to the
- &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See <xref linkend="eresources"/> for more information about the
- various &os; mailing lists.</para>
-
- <para><citetitle><link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">The
- &os; Contributors List</link></citetitle><indexterm>
- <primary>contributors</primary></indexterm> is a long
- and growing one, so why not join it by contributing
- something back to &os; today?</para>
+ &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See
+ <xref linkend="eresources"/> for more information about
+ the various &os; mailing lists.</para>
+
+ <para><citetitle><link
+ xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">The
+ &os; Contributors List</link></citetitle>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>contributors</primary>
+ </indexterm> is a long and growing one, so why not join
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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