svn commit: r42994 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Thu Oct 17 23:57:38 UTC 2013
Author: dru
Date: Thu Oct 17 23:57:36 2013
New Revision: 42994
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/42994
Log:
This patch does the following:
- rewords most occurances of "you"
- puts acronym tags around ISP and IP
- standardizes to "dial-up"
White space patch to follow later.
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Thu Oct 17 22:33:32 2013 (r42993)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Thu Oct 17 23:57:36 2013 (r42994)
@@ -27,17 +27,16 @@
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>&os; has a number of ways to link one computer to another.
- To establish a network or Internet connection through a dial-up
- modem, or to allow others to do so through you, requires the use
- of <acronym>PPP</acronym>. This chapter describes setting u
- p these modem-based communication services in detail.</para>
+ <para>&os; supports the Point-to-Point (<acronym>PPP</acronym>)
+ protocol which can be used to establish a network or Internet
+ connection using a dial-up modem. This chapter describes how to
+ configure modem-based communication services in &os;.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>How to set configure <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
+ <para>How to configure <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@
<para>Be familiar with basic network terminology.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Understand the basics and purpose of a dialup connection
+ <para>Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection
and <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -107,78 +106,74 @@
<title>Configuring <acronym>PPP</acronym></title>
- <para>This document assumes you have the following:</para>
+ <para>In order to configure <acronym>PPP</acronym>, the following
+ items are needed:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>An account with an Internet Service Provider
- (<acronym>ISP</acronym>) which you connect to using
- <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
+ <para>A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider
+ (<acronym>ISP</acronym>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A modem or other device connected to your system and
- properly configured to allow you to connect to your
- ISP.</para>
+ <para>A dial-up modem.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The dial-up number(s) of your ISP.</para>
+ <para>The dial-up number for the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The login name and password assigned by the ISP.</para>
+ <para>The login name and password assigned by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The IP address of one or more name servers.
- Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your
- ISP to use for this. If they have not given you at
- least one, then you can use the <command>enable
- dns</command> command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
+ <para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of one or more name servers.
+ Normally, an <acronym>ISP</acronym> provides these addresses.
+ If not, use <command>enable
+ dns</command> in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
and <application>ppp</application> will set the name
- servers for you. This feature depends on your ISP's
- <acronym>PPP</acronym> implementation supporting DNS
+ servers. This feature requires the <acronym>ISP</acronym>
+ to supporting DNS
negotiation.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>The following information may be supplied by your ISP, but
- is not completely necessary:</para>
+ <para>The following information may be supplied by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>, but
+ is not necessary:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>The IP address of your ISP's gateway. The gateway is
- the machine to which you will connect and will be set up as
- your <emphasis>default route</emphasis>. If you do not have
- this information, we can make one up and your ISP's PPP
- server will tell us the correct value when we
- connect.</para>
+ <para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the default gateway.
+ If this information is missing
+ the <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s <acronym>PPP</acronym>
+ server will provide the correct value during
+ connection setup.</para>
- <para>This IP number is referred to as
+ <para>This <acronym>IP</acronym> number is referred to as
<literal>HISADDR</literal> by
<application>ppp</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The netmask you should use. If your ISP has not
- provided you with one, you can safely use <hostid
+ <para>The subnet mask. If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not
+ provided one, use <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-static-ip">
- <primary>static IP address</primary>
+ <primary>static <acronym>IP</acronym> address</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If your ISP provides you with a static IP address and
- hostname, you can enter it. Otherwise, we simply let the
- peer assign whatever IP address it sees fit.</para>
+ <para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has assigned a static <acronym>IP</acronym> address and
+ hostname, enter it. Otherwise, this information will be provided
+ during connection setup.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>If you do not have any of the required information, contact
- your ISP.</para>
+ <para>If any required information is missing, contact
+ the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<note>
<para>Throughout this section, many of the examples showing the
@@ -194,28 +189,26 @@
can be found in <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
- <para>Configuring <command>ppp</command> requires that you edit a
- number of files, depending on your requirements. What you put
- in them depends to some extent on whether your ISP allocates IP
- addresses statically (i.e., you get given one IP address, and
- always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP address
- changes each time you connect to your ISP).</para>
+ <para>A number of files are edited when configuring
+ <command>ppp</command>. The edits
+ depend to some extent on whether the <acronym>ISP</acronym> allocates <acronym>IP</acronym>
+ addresses statically or dynamically.</para>
<sect2 id="userppp-staticIP">
- <title>PPP With Static IP Addresses</title>
+ <title>PPP With Static <acronym>IP</acronym> Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
- <secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary>
+ <secondary>with static <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>You will need to edit the
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> configuration file.
- It should look similar to the example below.</para>
+ <para>If the ISP has provided an address that does not change, edit
+ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> as described
+ in the example below.</para>
<note>
<para>Lines that end in a <literal>:</literal> start in the
- first column (beginning of the line)— all other lines
+ first column (beginning of the line) while all other lines
should be indented as shown using spaces or tabs.</para>
</note>
@@ -353,9 +346,9 @@
<listitem>
<para>Identifies an entry for a provider called
<quote>provider</quote>. This could be changed
- to the name of your <acronym>ISP</acronym> so
- that later you can use the <option>load
- <replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> to start
+ to the name of the <acronym>ISP</acronym> so
+ that <option>load
+ <replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> can be used to start
the connection.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -369,14 +362,14 @@
colon (<literal>:</literal>) or pipe character
(<literal>|</literal>) as a separator. The
difference between the two separators is described
- in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, if you want to rotate
- through the numbers, use a colon. If you want to
+ in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, to rotate
+ through the numbers, use a colon. To
always attempt to dial the first number first and
only use the other numbers if the first number
fails, use the pipe character. Always quote the
entire set of phone numbers as shown.</para>
- <para>You must enclose the phone number in quotation
+ <para>The phone number must be enclosed in quotation
marks (<literal>"</literal>) if there is any
intention on using spaces in the phone number.
This can cause a simple, yet subtle error.</para>
@@ -400,9 +393,9 @@
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>If you are using
- PAP<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> or
- CHAP<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>,
+ <para>If
+ <acronym>PAP</acronym> or
+ <acronym>CHAP</acronym> are used,
there will be no login at this point, and this line
should be commented out or removed. See <xref
linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP"/> for further
@@ -418,10 +411,10 @@ login: <replaceable>foo</replaceable>
password: <replaceable>bar</replaceable>
protocol: ppp</screen>
- <para>You will need to alter this script to suit your
- own needs. When you write this script for the first
- time, you should ensure that you have enabled
- <quote>chat</quote> logging so you can determine if
+ <para>Alter this script to suit your
+ own needs. When writing this script for the first
+ time, ensure that
+ chat logging is enabled to help determine if
the conversation is going as expected.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -434,7 +427,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
timeout<indexterm><primary>timeout</primary></indexterm>
(in seconds) for the connection. Here, the
connection will be closed automatically after 300
- seconds of inactivity. If you never want to
+ seconds of inactivity. To prevent a timeout
timeout, set this value to zero or use the
<option>-ddial</option> command line switch.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -445,17 +438,16 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the interface addresses. The string
<replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> should be
- replaced by the IP address that your
- provider<indexterm><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm>
- has allocated to you. The string
+ replaced by the <acronym>IP</acronym> address that the
+ <acronym>ISP</acronym>
+ has allocated. The string
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be
- replaced by the IP address that your ISP indicated
- for their gateway (the machine to which you
- connect). If your ISP has not given you a gateway
+ replaced by the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the
+ gateway. If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not provided a gateway
address, use <hostid
- role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. If you need
- to use a <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure
- that you create an entry in
+ role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. When
+ using a <quote>guessed</quote> address,
+ create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as per the
instructions in <xref
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>. If this line is
@@ -468,26 +460,26 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<term>Line 18:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Adds a default route to your ISP's gateway. The
+ <para>Adds a default route to the gateway. The
special word <literal>HISADDR</literal> is replaced
with the gateway address specified on line 17. It
is important that this line appears after line 17,
otherwise <literal>HISADDR</literal> will not yet
be initialized.</para>
- <para>If you do not wish to run ppp in
- <option>-auto</option>, this line should be moved
+ <para>When
+ <option>-auto</option> is not used, this line should be moved
to the <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>It is not necessary to add an entry to
- <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> when you have a static
- IP address and are running ppp in <option>-auto</option>
- mode as your routing table entries are already correct
- before you connect. You may however wish to create an
- entry to invoke programs after connection. This is
+ <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> when using a static
+ <acronym>IP</acronym> address and when running ppp in <option>-auto</option>
+ mode as the routing table entries are already correct.
+ However, an
+ entry can be created to invoke programs after connection. This is
explained later with the sendmail example.</para>
<para>Example configuration files can be found in the
@@ -497,23 +489,23 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userppp-dynamicIP">
- <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic IP
+ <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym>
Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary>
- <secondary>with dynamic IP addresses</secondary>
+ <secondary>with dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IPCP</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If your service provider does not assign static IP
- addresses, <command>ppp</command> can be configured to
+ <para>If the <acronym>IP</acronym>
+ address changes whenever a connection is made, configure <command>ppp</command> to
negotiate the local and remote addresses. This is done by
- <quote>guessing</quote> an IP address and allowing
- <command>ppp</command> to set it up correctly using the IP
+ <quote>guessing</quote> an <acronym>IP</acronym> address and allowing
+ <command>ppp</command> to set it up correctly using the <acronym>IP</acronym>
Configuration Protocol (IPCP) after connecting. The
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> configuration is the same as
that described in <xref
@@ -533,15 +525,15 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>The number after the <literal>/</literal>
character is the number of bits of the address that
- ppp will insist on. You may wish to use IP numbers
- more appropriate to your circumstances, but the
+ ppp will insist on. Other <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses
+ can be used, but the
above example will always work.</para>
<para>The last argument (<literal>0.0.0.0</literal>)
tells PPP to start negotiations using address
<hostid role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> rather than
<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid> and is
- necessary for some ISPs. Do not use
+ necessary for some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s. Do not use
<literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument
to <command>set ifaddr</command> as it prevents
PPP from setting up an initial route in
@@ -550,10 +542,10 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
- <para>If you are not running in <option>-auto</option> mode,
- you will need to create an entry in
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.
- <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> is used after a connection
+ <para>When not running in <option>-auto</option> mode,
+ create an entry in
+ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as this file
+ is used after a connection
has been established. At this point,
<command>ppp</command> will have assigned the interface
addresses and it will now be possible to add the routing
@@ -572,8 +564,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> according to the
following rules: First, try to match the same label
as we used in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. If
- that fails, look for an entry for the IP address of
- our gateway. This entry is a four-octet IP style
+ that fails, look for an entry for the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of
+ our gateway. This entry is a four-octet <acronym>IP</acronym> style
label. If we still have not found an entry, look
for the <literal>MYADDR</literal> entry.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -587,7 +579,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
default route that points to
<literal>HISADDR</literal>.
<literal>HISADDR</literal> will be replaced with the
- IP number of the gateway as negotiated by the
+ <acronym>IP</acronym> number of the gateway as negotiated by the
IPCP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -608,15 +600,15 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<secondary>receiving incoming calls</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>When you configure <application>ppp</application> to
+ <para>When configuring <application>ppp</application> to
receive incoming calls on a machine connected to a LAN,
- you must decide if you wish to forward packets to the LAN.
- If you do, you should allocate the peer an IP number from
- your LAN's subnet, and use the command <command>enable
- proxy</command> in your
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> file. You should
- also confirm that the <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
- file contains the following:</para>
+ decide if packets should be forwarded to the LAN.
+ If so, allocate the peer an <acronym>IP</acronym> address from
+ the LAN's subnet, and use <command>enable
+ proxy</command> in the
+ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.
+ Alsom confirm that <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
+ contains the following line:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</sect2>
@@ -637,13 +629,13 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>The advantages of using <command>mgetty</command> is
that it actively <emphasis>talks</emphasis> to modems,
meaning if port is turned off in
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> then your modem will not
+ <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> then the modem will not
answer the phone.</para>
<para>Later versions of <command>mgetty</command> (from
0.99beta onwards) also support the automatic detection of
- <acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing your clients
- script-less access to your server.</para>
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing clients
+ scriptless access to the server.</para>
<para>Refer to <xref linkend="userppp-mgetty"/> for more
information on <command>mgetty</command>.</para>
@@ -653,15 +645,14 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<title><application>PPP</application> Permissions</title>
<para>The <command>ppp</command> command must normally be
- run as the <username>root</username> user. If however,
- you wish to allow <command>ppp</command> to run in
- server mode as a normal user by executing
- <command>ppp</command> as described below, that user
+ run as the <username>root</username> user.
+ To instead allow <command>ppp</command> to run in
+ server mode as a normal user, that user
must be given permission to run <command>ppp</command>
by adding them to the <groupname>network</groupname>
group in <filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
- <para>You will also need to give them access to one or more
+ <para>The user also needs access to one or more
sections of the configuration file using the
<command>allow</command> command:</para>
@@ -673,7 +664,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic IP
+ <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym>
Users</title>
<indexterm>
@@ -704,12 +695,10 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</userinput></screen>
- <para>You should use this script as the
- <emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of your dialup users.
+ <para>Use this script as the
+ <emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of dial-up users.
This is an example from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
- for a dialup <acronym>PPP</acronym> user with username
- <username>pchilds</username> (remember do not directly
- edit the password file, use &man.vipw.8;).</para>
+ for a dial-up <acronym>PPP</acronym>:</para>
<programlisting>pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</programlisting>
@@ -726,7 +715,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static IP
+ <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static <acronym>IP</acronym>
Users</title>
<indexterm>
@@ -735,19 +724,19 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
<para>Create the <filename>ppp-shell</filename> file as
above, and for each account with statically assigned
- IPs create a symbolic link to
+ <acronym>IP</acronym>s create a symbolic link to
<filename>ppp-shell</filename>.</para>
- <para>For example, if you have three dialup customers,
+ <para>For example, to route /24 CIDR
+ networks for the dial-up customers
<username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>,
- and <username>mary</username>, that you route /24 CIDR
- networks for, you would type the following:</para>
+ and <username>mary</username>, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary</userinput></screen>
- <para>Each of these users dialup accounts should have
+ <para>Each of these users dial-up accounts should have
their shell set to the symbolic link created above (for
example, <username>mary</username>'s shell should be
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-mary</filename>).</para>
@@ -755,7 +744,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</progr
<sect2>
<title>Setting Up <filename>ppp.conf</filename> for
- Dynamic IP Users</title>
+ Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> Users</title>
<para>The <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> file
should contain something along the lines of:</para>
@@ -777,23 +766,21 @@ ttyu1:
</note>
<para>The <literal>default:</literal> section is loaded
- for each session. For each dialup line enabled in
+ for each session. For each dial-up line enabled in
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> create an entry similar
to the one for <literal>ttyu0:</literal> above. Each
- line should get a unique IP address from your pool of
- IP addresses for dynamic users.</para>
+ line should get a unique <acronym>IP</acronym> address from the pool of
+ <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses for dynamic users.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Setting Up <filename>ppp.conf</filename> for
- Static IP Users</title>
+ Static <acronym>IP</acronym> Users</title>
<para>Along with the contents of the sample
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>
- above you should add a section for each of the
- statically assigned dialup users. We will continue with
- our <username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>,
- and <username>mary</username> example.</para>
+ above, add a section for each of the
+ statically assigned dial-up users:.</para>
<programlisting>fred:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255
@@ -806,7 +793,7 @@ mary:
<para>The file <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
should also contain routing information for each static
- IP user if required. The line below would add a route
+ <acronym>IP</acronym> user if required. The line below would add a route
for the <hostid role="ipaddr">203.14.101.0/24</hostid>
network via the client's ppp link.</para>
@@ -850,24 +837,24 @@ mary:
role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename> port on
his system.</para>
- <para>Make sure your
+ <para>Ensure that
<filename>/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config</filename>
- file has the following in it:</para>
+ has the following:</para>
<programlisting>/AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup</programlisting>
- <para>This will tell <command>mgetty</command> to run the
- <filename>ppp-pap-dialup</filename> script for detected
+ <para>This tells <command>mgetty</command> to run
+ <filename>ppp-pap-dialup</filename> for detected
<acronym>PPP</acronym> connections.</para>
- <para>Create a file called
+ <para>Create an executable file called
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup</filename> containing
- the following (the file should be executable):</para>
+ the following:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</programlisting>
- <para>For each dialup line enabled in
+ <para>For each dial-up line enabled in
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, create a corresponding
entry in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. This
will happily co-exist with the definitions we created
@@ -887,8 +874,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</pr
<programlisting>enable passwdauth</programlisting>
- <para>If you wish to assign some users a static IP number,
- you can specify the number as the third argument in
+ <para>To assign some users a static <acronym>IP</acronym> number,
+ specify the number as the third argument in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.secret</filename>. See
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample</filename>
for examples.</para>
@@ -944,11 +931,11 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>
- <para>Some ISPs set their system up so that the
- authentication part of your connection is done using
+ <para>Some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s set their system up so that the
+ authentication part of the connection is done using
either of the PAP or CHAP authentication mechanisms. If
- this is the case, your ISP will not give a
- <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt when you connect, but will
+ this is the case, the <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not give a
+ <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt at connection, but will
start talking <acronym>PPP</acronym> immediately.</para>
<para>PAP is less secure than CHAP, but security is not
@@ -973,8 +960,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<term>Line 13:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP user name.
- You will need to insert the correct value for
+ <para>This line specifies the PAP/CHAP user name.
+ Insert the correct value for
<replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -982,9 +969,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<varlistentry>
<term>Line 14:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP
+ <para>This line specifies the PAP/CHAP
password<indexterm><primary>password</primary></indexterm>.
- You will need to insert the correct value for
+ Insert the correct value for
<replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>. You may
want to add an additional line, such as:</para>
@@ -1004,9 +991,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Your ISP will not normally require that you log
- into the server if you are using PAP or CHAP. You
- must therefore disable your <quote>set login</quote>
+ <para>The <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not normally require a login
+ to the server when using PAP or CHAP.
+ Therefore, disable the <quote>set login</quote>
string.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1014,13 +1001,13 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title>Changing Your <command>ppp</command> Configuration
+ <title>Changing the <command>ppp</command> Configuration
on the Fly</title>
<para>It is possible to talk to the <command>ppp</command>
program while it is running in the background, but only
if a suitable diagnostic port has been set up. To do
- this, add the following line to your configuration:</para>
+ this, add the following line to the configuration:</para>
<programlisting>set server /var/run/ppp-tun<replaceable>%d</replaceable> DiagnosticPassword 0177</programlisting>
@@ -1057,7 +1044,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<literal>ppp_nat</literal>, which is enabled by
default.</para>
- <para>If you use this feature, you may also find useful
+ <para>When using this feature, it may be useful to include
the following <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> options
to enable incoming connections forwarding:</para>
@@ -1076,23 +1063,22 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</program
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary><secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>You now have <command>ppp</command> configured, but
- there are a few more things to do before it is ready to
- work. They all involve editing the
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> file.</para>
+ <para>While <command>ppp</command> is now configured,
+ some edits still need to be made to
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Working from the top down in this file, make sure the
- <literal>hostname=</literal> line is set, e.g.:</para>
+ <literal>hostname=</literal> line is set:</para>
<programlisting>hostname="foo.example.com"</programlisting>
- <para>If your ISP has supplied you with a static IP address
- and name, it is probably best that you use this name as your
+ <para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has supplied a static <acronym>IP</acronym> address
+ and name, use this name as the
host name.</para>
<para>Look for the <literal>network_interfaces</literal>
- variable. If you want to configure your system to dial your
- ISP on demand, make sure the <devicename>tun0</devicename>
+ variable. To configure the system to dial the
+ <acronym>ISP</acronym> on demand, make sure the <devicename>tun0</devicename>
device is added to the list, otherwise remove it.</para>
<programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 tun0"
@@ -1107,14 +1093,14 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<programlisting>ppp -auto mysystem</programlisting>
<para>This script is executed at network configuration time,
- starting your ppp daemon in automatic mode. If you have
- a LAN for which this machine is a gateway, you may also
- wish to use the <option>-alias</option> switch. Refer
+ starting the ppp daemon in automatic mode. If
+ this machine acts as a gateway, consider including
+ <option>-alias</option>. Refer
to the manual page for further details.</para>
</note>
<para>Make sure that the router program is set to
- <literal>NO</literal> with the following line in your
+ <literal>NO</literal> with the following line in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>router_enable="NO"</programlisting>
@@ -1140,15 +1126,10 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>sendmail</application></primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>The downside of this is that you must force
- <command>sendmail</command> to re-examine the mail queue
- whenever the ppp link is up by typing:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/sendmail -q</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You may wish to use the <command>!bg</command> command
- in <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> to do this
- automatically:</para>
+ <para>The downside is that
+ <command>sendmail</command> is forced to re-examine the mail queue
+ whenever the ppp link. To automate this, include <command>!bg</command>
+ in <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 delete ALL
@@ -1159,20 +1140,20 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<primary>SMTP</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If you do not like this, it is possible to set up a
+ <para>An alternative is to set up a
<quote>dfilter</quote> to block SMTP traffic. Refer to the
sample files for further details.</para>
<para>All that is left is to reboot the machine. After
- rebooting, you can now either type:</para>
+ rebooting, either type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>and then <command>dial provider</command> to start the
- <acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, if you want
+ <acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, to configure
<command>ppp</command> to establish sessions automatically
- when there is outbound traffic (and you have not created the
- <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script), type:</para>
+ when there is outbound traffic and
+ <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> does not exist, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -auto provider</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
@@ -1188,7 +1169,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device
- is built into your kernel.</para>
+ is built into the kernel.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -1202,11 +1183,11 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<para>Create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. The
<filename>pmdemand</filename> example should suffice
- for most ISPs.</para>
+ for most <acronym>ISP</acronym>s.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>If you have a dynamic IP address, create an entry in
+ <para>When using a dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> address, create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</step>
@@ -1217,7 +1198,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Create a <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script
- if you require demand dialing.</para>
+ if demand dialing is required.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -1226,7 +1207,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device
- is built into your kernel.</para>
+ is built into the kernel.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -1261,8 +1242,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Update your <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
- file.</para>
+ <para>Update <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
@@ -1288,23 +1268,20 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</indexterm>
<para>This section covers a few issues which may arise when
- using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. For
- instance, perhaps you need to know exactly what prompts the
- system you are dialing into will present. Some
+ using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. Some
<acronym>ISP</acronym>s present the
- <literal>ssword</literal> prompt, and others will present
- <literal>password</literal>; if the <command>ppp</command>
+ <literal>ssword</literal> prompt while others present
+ <literal>password</literal>. If the <command>ppp</command>
script is not written accordingly, the login attempt will
fail. The most common way to debug <command>ppp</command>
- connections is by connecting manually. The following
- information will walk you through a manual connection step by
- step.</para>
+ connections is by connecting manually as described in this
+ section.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Check the Device Nodes</title>
<para>When using a custom kernel, make sure to include the
- following line in your kernel configuration file:</para>
+ following line in the kernel configuration file:</para>
<programlisting>device uart</programlisting>
@@ -1316,15 +1293,14 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep uart</userinput></screen>
- <para>You should get some pertinent output about the
+ <para>This should display some pertinent output about the
<devicename>uart</devicename> devices. These are the COM
- ports we need. If your modem acts like a standard serial
- port then you should see it listed on
+ ports we need. If the modem acts like a standard serial
+ port, it should be listed on
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, or
- <devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so, you are not required
- to rebuild the kernel. When matching up sio modem is on
- <devicename>uart1</devicename> or
- <devicename>COM2</devicename> if you are in DOS, then your
+ <devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so,
+ a kernel rebuild is not required. When matching up, if the modem is on
+ <devicename>uart1</devicename>, the
modem device would be <filename
class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
@@ -1334,40 +1310,37 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<para>Connecting to the Internet by manually controlling
<command>ppp</command> is quick, easy, and a great way to
- debug a connection or just get information on how your
+ debug a connection or just get information on how the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> treats <command>ppp</command> client
connections. Lets start <application>PPP</application> from
the command line. Note that in all of our examples we will
use <emphasis>example</emphasis> as the hostname of the
- machine running <application>PPP</application>. You start
- <command>ppp</command> by just typing
+ machine running <application>PPP</application>. To start
<command>ppp</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
- <para>We have now started <command>ppp</command>.</para>
-
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set device <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename></userinput></screen>
- <para>We set our modem device, in this case it is
+ <para>This second command sets the modem device to
<devicename>cuau1</devicename>.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set speed 115200</userinput></screen>
- <para>Set the connection speed, in this case we
- are using 115,200 <acronym>kbps</acronym>.</para>
+ <para>This sets the connection speed to
+ 115,200 <acronym>kbps</acronym>.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>enable dns</userinput></screen>
- <para>Tell <command>ppp</command> to configure our
+ <para>This tells <command>ppp</command> to configure the
resolver and add the nameserver lines to
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. If
- <command>ppp</command> cannot determine our hostname, we can
- set one manually later.</para>
+ <command>ppp</command> cannot determine the hostname, it can
+ manually be set later.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>term</userinput></screen>
- <para>Switch to <quote>terminal</quote> mode so that we can
+ <para>This switches to <quote>terminal</quote> mode in order to
manually control the modem.</para>
<programlisting>deflink: Entering terminal mode on <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>
@@ -1378,7 +1351,7 @@ OK
<userinput>atdt<replaceable>123456789</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Use <command>at</command> to initialize the modem,
- then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for your
+ then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> to begin the dial in process.</para>
<screen>CONNECT</screen>
@@ -1389,24 +1362,24 @@ OK
<screen>ISP Login:<userinput>myusername</userinput></screen>
- <para>Here you are prompted for a username, return the
+ <para>At this prompt, return the
prompt with the username that was provided by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<screen>ISP Pass:<userinput>mypassword</userinput></screen>
- <para>This time we are prompted for a password, just
+ <para>At this prompt,
reply with the password that was provided by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>. Just like logging into
&os;, the password will not echo.</para>
<screen>Shell or PPP:<userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
- <para>Depending on your <acronym>ISP</acronym> this prompt
- may never appear. Here we are being asked if we wish to
- use a shell on the provider, or to start
- <command>ppp</command>. In this example, we have chosen
- to use <command>ppp</command> as we want an Internet
+ <para>Depending on the <acronym>ISP</acronym>, this prompt
+ might not appear. If it does, it is asking whether to
+ use a shell on the provider or to start
+ <command>ppp</command>. In this example,
+ <command>ppp</command> was selected in order to establish an Internet
connection.</para>
<screen>Ppp ON example></screen>
@@ -1431,9 +1404,9 @@ OK
<para>Here we add our default route, we need to do this before
we can talk to the outside world as currently the only
established connection is with the peer. If this fails due to
- existing routes you can put a bang character
+ existing routes, put a bang character
<literal>!</literal> in front of the <option>add</option>.
- Alternatively, you can set this before making the actual
+ Alternatively, set this before making the actual
connection and it will negotiate a new route
accordingly.</para>
@@ -1441,52 +1414,49 @@ OK
connection to the Internet, which could be thrown into the
background using <keycombo
action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap>
- <keycap>z</keycap></keycombo> If you notice the
- <command>PPP</command> return to <command>ppp</command> then
- we have lost our connection. This is good to know because it
- shows our connection status. Capital P's show that we have a
+ <keycap>z</keycap></keycombo> If
+ <command>PPP</command> returns to <command>ppp</command> then
+ the connection has bee lost. This is good to know because it
+ shows the connection status. Capital P's represent a
connection to the <acronym>ISP</acronym> and lowercase p's
- show that the connection has been lost for whatever reason.
- <command>ppp</command> only has these 2 states.</para>
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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