svn commit: r42949 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Sun Oct 13 19:40:11 UTC 2013
Author: dru
Date: Sun Oct 13 19:40:10 2013
New Revision: 42949
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/42949
Log:
This patch does the following:
- comments out some authors
- tightens up some headings
- some word-smithing
- changes examples to more modern sound cards
Approved by: bcr (mentor)
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Sun Oct 13 11:44:18 2013 (r42948)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Sun Oct 13 19:40:10 2013 (r42949)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Playback DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and
+ <para>Play DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and
<filename>.avi</filename> files.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -80,52 +80,38 @@
<listitem>
<para>Configure an image scanner.</para>
</listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>How to configure an image scanner.</para>
- </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel
- (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <warning>
- <para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which differ from the
- usual ISO-filesystem. This means that they should not be
- mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para>
- </warning>
-
+ <listitem><para>Know how to install applications as described in
+ <xref linkend="ports"/>.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sound-setup">
+ <!--
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Moses</firstname>
<surname>Moore</surname>
- <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
- <!-- 20 November 2000 -->
+ <contrib>Contributed by in November 2000</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Marc</firstname>
<surname>Fonvieille</surname>
- <contrib>Enhanced by </contrib>
- <!-- 13 September 2004 -->
+ <contrib>Enhanced by in September 2004</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
+ -->
<title>Setting Up the Sound Card</title>
- <sect2 id="sound-device">
- <title>Configuring the System</title>
-
<indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm>
<para>Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of
@@ -140,19 +126,19 @@
<secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>In order to use the sound device, the proper device driver
- must be loaded. This may be accomplished in one of two ways.
+ <para>In order to use the sound device, its device driver
+ must be loaded.
The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card
with &man.kldload.8;. This example loads the driver for a
- Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card:</para>
+ built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_emu10k1</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_hda</userinput></screen>
<para>To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the
driver to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for
this driver is:</para>
- <programlisting>snd_emu10k1_load="YES"</programlisting>
+ <programlisting>snd_hda_load="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Other available sound modules are listed in
<filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>. When unsure
@@ -171,32 +157,28 @@
after loading the <filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver,
type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>.</para>
- <para>Users who prefer to statically compile in support for the
- sound card in a custom kernel should refer to the instructions
- in the next section. For more information about recompiling a
- kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para>
-
- <sect3>
+ <sect2>
<title>Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support</title>
+ <para>This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for the
+ sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a
+ kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para>
+
<para>When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make
sure that the audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel
configuration file:</para>
<programlisting>device sound</programlisting>
- <para>Next, add support for the sound card. Therefore, you need
- to know which driver supports the card. To continue the example
- of the Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card from the
+ <para>Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example
+ of the built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the
previous section, use the following line in the custom kernel
configuration file:</para>
- <programlisting>device snd_emu10k1</programlisting>
+ <programlisting>device snd_hda</programlisting>
<para>Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the
- syntax to use. The explicit syntax for the kernel
- configuration of every supported sound driver can also be
- found in <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>
+ device name to use for the driver.</para>
<para>Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port
settings of the card to be added to
@@ -233,57 +215,62 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting>
cases, the IRQ or other settings may need to be changed to
match the card. Refer to &man.snd.sbc.4; for more information
about this card.</para>
- </sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sound-testing">
- <title>Testing the Sound Card</title>
+ <title>Testing Sound</title>
- <para>After rebooting into the custom kernel, or after loading
- the required module, the sound card should appear in the system
- message buffer. Run &man.dmesg.8; and look for a message
- like:</para>
-
- <screen>pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0
-pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
-pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec></screen>
+ <para>After loading
+ the required module or rebooting into the custom kernel,
+ the sound card should be detected.
+ To confirm, run <command>dmesg | grep pcm</command>. This
+ example is from a system with a built-in Conexant CX20590 chipset:</para>
+
+ <screen>pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 5 on hdaa0
+pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 6 on hdaa0
+pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> at nid 31,25 and 35,27 on hdaa1</screen>
<para>The status of the sound card may also be checked using this
command:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /dev/sndstat</userinput>
-FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm)
+FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 64bit 2009061500/amd64)
Installed devices:
-pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384
-kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen>
-
- <para>The output may vary between systems. If no
- <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, go back and
- review the kernel configuration file and make sure the correct
- device driver was chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref
- linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para>
+pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
+pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
+pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> (play/rec) default</screen>
+
+ <para>The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no
+ <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, double-check that the correct
+ device driver was loaded or compiled into the kernel. The
+ next section lists some common problems and their solutions.</para>
<para>If all goes well, the sound card should now work in os;. If
- the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive's audio-out pins are properly
+ the <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> drive is properly
connected to the sound card, one can insert an audio CD in the
drive and play it with &man.cdcontrol.1;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput></screen>
+ <warning>
+ <para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that they should not be
+ mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para>
+ </warning>
+
<para>Various applications, such as <filename
- role="package">audio/workman</filename> provide a friendlier
+ role="package">audio/workman</filename>, provide a friendlier
interface. The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename>
port can be installed to listen to MP3 audio files.</para>
<para>Another quick way to test the card is to send data to
- <filename>/dev/dsp</filename>:</para>
+ <devicename>/dev/dsp</devicename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen>
<para>where
<filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> can
- be any file. This command should produce some noise, confirming
- that the sound card is actually working.</para>
+ be any type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming
+ that the sound card is working.</para>
<note>
<para>The <devicename>/dev/dsp*</devicename> device nodes will
@@ -291,19 +278,21 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de
do not exist and will not appear in the output of
&man.ls.1;.</para>
</note>
+ </sect2>
- <para>Sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8;.
- More details can be found in &man.mixer.8;.</para>
-
- <sect3 id="troubleshooting">
- <title>Common Problems</title>
+ <sect2 id="troubleshooting">
+ <title>Troubleshooting Sound</title>
<indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>I/O port</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>IRQ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DSP</primary></indexterm>
- <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
+ <para>Table 8.1 lists some common error messages and their
+ solutions:</para>
+
+ <table frame="none" pgwide="1">
+ <title>Common Error Messages</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
@@ -337,8 +326,8 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de
<row>
<entry><errorname>xxx: can't open
/dev/dsp!</errorname></entry>
- <entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep
- dsp</command> if another application is holding the
+ <entry><para>Type <command>fstat | grep
+ dsp</command> to check if another application is holding the
device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are
<application>esound</application> and
<application>KDE</application>'s sound
@@ -346,13 +335,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
- </informaltable>
+ </table>
- <para>Another issue is that modern graphics cards often come
- with their own sound driver, for use with
- <acronym>HDMI</acronym> and similar. This sound device will
- sometimes be enumerated before the sound card and the sound
- card will subsequently not be used as the default playback
+ <para>Modern graphics cards often come
+ with their own sound driver for use with
+ <acronym>HDMI</acronym>. This sound device is
+ sometimes enumerated before the sound card meaning that the sound
+ card will not be used as the default playback
device. To check if this is the case, run
<application>dmesg</application> and look for
<literal>pcm</literal>. The output looks something like
@@ -376,7 +365,7 @@ pcm6: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #2 Digi
pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
...</programlisting>
- <para>Here the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has
+ <para>In this example, the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has
been enumerated before the sound card (<literal>Realtek
ALC889</literal>). To use the sound card as the default
playback device, change <varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname>
@@ -384,17 +373,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen>
- <para>Here, <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound
+ <para>where <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound
device to use. In this example, it should be
<literal>4</literal>. Make this change permanent by adding
the following line to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>4</replaceable></programlisting>
- </sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sound-multiple-sources">
+ <!--
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
@@ -404,34 +393,32 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
+ -->
<title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title>
<para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that
- are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <emphasis>Virtual
- Sound Channels</emphasis>, which can be enabled using
- &man.sysctl.8;. Virtual channels allow one to multiplex the
+ are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <quote>Virtual
+ Sound Channels</quote> to multiplex the
sound card's playback by mixing sound in the kernel.</para>
- <para>To set the number of virtual channels, three
- &man.sysctl.8; knobs are available:</para>
+ <para>Three
+ &man.sysctl.8; knobs are available for configuring virtual channels:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</userinput></screen>
- <para>The above example allocates four virtual channels, which
+ <para>This example allocates four virtual channels, which
is a practical number for everyday use. Both
<varname>dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</varname> and
- <varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are the number of
+ <varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are configurable after a device has been
+ attached and represent the number of
virtual channels <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has for playback
- and recording, and are configurable after a device has been
- attached. <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number
- of virtual channels a new audio device is given when it is
- attached using &man.kldload.8;. Since the
+ and recording. Since the
<devicename>pcm</devicename> module can be loaded independently
of the hardware drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname>
- indicates how many virtual channels will be given to devices
- when they are attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more
+ indicates how many virtual channels will be given to an audio device
+ when it is attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more
information.</para>
<note>
@@ -447,6 +434,7 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi
</sect2>
<sect2>
+ <!--
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
@@ -456,16 +444,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
+ -->
<title>Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels</title>
<para>The default values for the different mixer channels are
- hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. There
- are many different applications and daemons that allow values to
- be set for the mixer that are remembered between invocations,
- but this is not a clean solution. It is possible to set default
- mixer values at the driver level. This is accomplished by
- defining the appropriate values in
+ hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. While
+ sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8; or
+ third-party applications and daemons, this is not a permanent solution.
+ To instead set default
+ mixer values at the driver level,
+ define the appropriate values in
<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>, as seen in this
example:</para>
@@ -478,16 +467,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sound-mp3">
+ <!--
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Chern</firstname>
<surname>Lee</surname>
- <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
+ <contrib>Contributed by in Sept 2001</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
- <!-- 11 Sept 2001 -->
</sect1info>
+ -->
<title>MP3 Audio</title>
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