svn commit: r41093 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Mon Mar 4 21:39:12 UTC 2013
Author: dru
Date: Mon Mar 4 21:39:11 2013
New Revision: 41093
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/41093
Log:
Temporarily revert r41083 as pc98 still uses floppies.
Subsequent patch will address 7.x stuff.
Submitted by: eadler
Approved by: hrs (mentor)
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml Mon Mar 4 20:03:17 2013 (r41092)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml Mon Mar 4 21:39:11 2013 (r41093)
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@
<!-- January 2000 -->
</chapterinfo>
- <title>Installing &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable>
- </title>
+ <title>Installing &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and Earlier</title>
<sect1 id="install-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@
<para>A summary of this information is given in the following sections.
Depending on the method you choose to install &os;, you may
- also need a USB drive, a supported CDROM drive, and in some
+ also need a floppy drive, a supported CDROM drive, and in some
case a network adapter. This will be covered by the <xref
linkend="install-boot-media"/>.</para>
@@ -547,6 +546,14 @@
<listitem>
<para>A &ms-dos; partition on the same computer</para>
</listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A SCSI or QIC tape</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Floppy disks</para>
+ </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
@@ -584,8 +591,9 @@
computer into the FreeBSD installer—it is not a program you run
within another operating system. Your computer normally boots using
the operating system installed on your hard disk, but it can also be
- configured to boot from a CDROM in the CDROM drive or from a
- USB disk.</para>
+ configured to use a <quote>bootable</quote> floppy disk.
+ Most modern computers can also
+ boot from a CDROM in the CDROM drive or from a USB disk.</para>
<tip>
<para>If you have FreeBSD on CDROM or DVD (either one you purchased
@@ -604,14 +612,14 @@
<title>Acquire the Memory Stick Image</title>
<para>Memory stick images for
- &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> can be
- downloaded from <filename
- class="directory">ISO-IMAGES/</filename> at
+ &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier can be downloaded from
+ the <filename class="directory">ISO-IMAGES/</filename>
+ directory at
<literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/ISO-IMAGES/<replaceable>version</replaceable>/&os;-<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-memstick.img</literal>.
Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and
<replaceable>version</replaceable> with the
- architecture and the version number to install,
- respectively. For example, the memory stick
+ architecture and the version number which you want to
+ install, respectively. For example, the memory stick
images for &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE are
available from <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img"></ulink>.</para>
@@ -710,6 +718,123 @@
</step>
</procedure>
+ <para>To create boot floppy images, follow these steps:</para>
+
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <title>Acquire the Boot Floppy Images</title>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>Please note, as of &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, floppy disk images are
+ no longer available. Please see above for instructions
+ on how to install &os; using a USB memory stick or just
+ use a CDROM or a DVD.</para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>The boot disks are available on your installation media
+ in the <filename>floppies/</filename> directory, and
+ can also be downloaded from the floppies directory,
+ <literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE/floppies/</literal>.
+ Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and
+ <replaceable>version</replaceable>
+ with the architecture and the version number
+ which you want to install, respectively.
+ For example, the boot floppy images for
+ &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE are available
+ from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/&rel2.current;-RELEASE/floppies/"></ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>The floppy images have a <filename>.flp</filename> extension.
+ The <filename>floppies/</filename> directory contains a number of
+ different images, and the ones you will need to use depends on the
+ version of FreeBSD you are installing, and in some cases, the
+ hardware you are installing to.
+ In most cases you will need four
+ floppies, <filename>boot.flp</filename>,
+ <filename>kern1.flp</filename>,
+ <filename>kern2.flp</filename>, and
+ <filename>kern3.flp</filename>. Check
+ <filename>README.TXT</filename> in the same directory for the
+ most up to date information about these floppy images.</para>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>Your FTP program must use <emphasis>binary mode</emphasis>
+ to download these disk images. Some web browsers have been
+ known to use <emphasis>text</emphasis> (or
+ <emphasis>ASCII</emphasis>) mode, which will be apparent if you
+ cannot boot from the disks.</para>
+ </important>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <title>Prepare the Floppy Disks</title>
+
+ <para>You must prepare one floppy disk per image file you had to
+ download. It is imperative that these disks are free from
+ defects. The easiest way to test this is to format the disks
+ for yourself. Do not trust pre-formatted floppies. The format
+ utility in &windows; will not tell about the presence of
+ bad blocks, it simply marks them as <quote>bad</quote>
+ and ignores them. It is advised that you use brand new
+ floppies if choosing this installation route.</para>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>If you try to install FreeBSD and the installation
+ program crashes, freezes, or otherwise misbehaves, one of
+ the first things to suspect is the floppies. Try writing
+ the floppy image files to new disks and try
+ again.</para>
+ </important>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <title>Write the Image Files to the Floppy Disks</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>.flp</filename> files are
+ <emphasis>not</emphasis> regular files you copy to the disk.
+ They are images of the complete contents of the
+ disk. This means that you <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> simply
+ copy files from one disk to another.
+ Instead, you must use specific tools to write the
+ images directly to the disk.</para>
+
+ <indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
+ <para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running
+ &ms-dos; / &windows;, then we provide a tool to do
+ this called <command>fdimage</command>.</para>
+
+ <para>If you are using the floppies from the CDROM, and your
+ CDROM is the <devicename>E:</devicename> drive, then you would
+ run this:</para>
+
+ <screen><prompt>E:\></prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp A:</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>Repeat this command for each <filename>.flp</filename>
+ file, replacing the floppy disk each time, being sure to label
+ the disks with the name of the file that you copied to them.
+ Adjust the command line as necessary, depending on where you have
+ placed the <filename>.flp</filename> files. If you do not have
+ the CDROM, then <command>fdimage</command> can be downloaded from
+ the <ulink
+ url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename class="directory">tools</filename>
+ directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para>
+
+ <para>If you are writing the floppies on a &unix; system (such as
+ another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1; command to
+ write the image files directly to disk. On FreeBSD, you would
+ run:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>On FreeBSD, <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to the
+ first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename> drive).
+ <filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the
+ <devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other &unix;
+ variants might have different names for the floppy disk
+ devices, and you will need to check the documentation for the
+ system as necessary.</para>
+ </step>
+ </procedure>
+
<para>You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -768,10 +893,11 @@ We can take no responsibility for lost d
<literal>First Hard Disk</literal>, and so on.</para>
<para>If you are booting from the CDROM then make sure that
- the CDROM is selected. If you are booting from a USB
- disk, make sure that is selected instead. In case of
- doubt, consult the manual that came with the computer,
- and/or its motherboard.</para>
+ the CDROM is selected. If you are booting from a USB disk or
+ a floppy disk then
+ make sure that is selected instead. In case of doubt, you
+ should consult the manual that came with your computer, and/or its
+ motherboard.</para>
<para>Make the change, then save and exit. The computer should now
restart.</para>
@@ -786,6 +912,15 @@ We can take no responsibility for lost d
the computer, and insert the CDROM at the first
opportunity.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>For &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, installation
+ boot floppies are available and can be prepared as
+ described in <xref linkend="install-boot-media"/>. One of
+ them will be the first boot disc:
+ <filename>boot.flp</filename>. Put this disc in your
+ floppy drive and boot the computer.</para>
+ </note>
+
<para>If your computer starts up as normal and loads your existing
operating system, then either:</para>
@@ -834,10 +969,35 @@ FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision
Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/kernel/kernel text=0x64daa0 data=0xa4e80+0xa9e40 syms=[0x4+0x6cac0+0x4+0x88e9d]
\</screen>
+
+ <para>If you are booting from floppy disc, you will see a display
+ similar to this (version information omitted):</para>
+
+ <screen>Booting from Floppy...
+Uncompressing ... done
+
+BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01
+Console: internal video/keyboard
+BIOS drive A: is disk0
+BIOS drive C: is disk1
+BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory
+
+FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1
+
+Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
+/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |
+
+Insert disk labelled "Kernel floppy 1" and press any key...</screen>
+
+ <para>Follow these instructions by removing the
+ <filename>boot.flp</filename> disc, insert the
+ <filename>kern1.flp</filename> disc, and press
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Boot from first floppy;
+ when prompted, insert the other disks as required.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Whether you booted from CDROM or USB stick, the
+ <para>Whether you booted from CDROM, USB stick or floppy, the
boot process will then get to the &os; boot loader
menu:</para>
@@ -2907,6 +3067,31 @@ Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on
the post-installation configuration.</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="linuxcomp">
+ <title>Linux Compatibility</title>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>This part only applies to &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>
+ installation, if you install &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable>
+ this screen will not be proposed.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <screen> User Confirmation Requested
+ Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?
+
+ [ Yes ] No</screen>
+
+ <para>Selecting &gui.yes; and pressing
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap> will allow
+ running Linux software on FreeBSD. The install will add
+ the appropriate packages for Linux compatibility.</para>
+
+ <para>If installing by FTP, the machine will need to be connected to
+ the Internet. Sometimes a remote ftp site will not have all the
+ distributions like the Linux binary compatibility. This can
+ be installed later if necessary.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="mouse">
<title>Mouse Settings</title>
@@ -3929,8 +4114,8 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>My system hangs while probing hardware during boot,
- or it behaves strangely during install, or the drive
- is not probed.</para>
+ or it behaves strangely during install, or the floppy
+ drive is not probed.</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>&os; makes extensive use of the system
@@ -4288,6 +4473,11 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/cuau0</userinput></screen>
+ <para>On &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> use the following command
+ instead:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/cuad0</userinput></screen>
+
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -4407,7 +4597,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
off USB drives. It also supports booting into a
<quote>livefs</quote> based rescue mode. The
documentation packages are provided but no other
- packages.</entry>
+ packages. This image is not available for &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
@@ -4452,6 +4642,14 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <note>
+ <para>&os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases before
+ &os; 7.3 and &os; 8.0 used a
+ different naming convention. The names of their ISO
+ images are not prefixed with
+ <literal>&os;-</literal>.</para>
+ </note>
+
<para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> download one of either
the <literal>bootonly</literal> ISO image,
or the image of <literal>disc1</literal>. Do not download
@@ -4542,11 +4740,12 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
the install.</para>
<note>
- <para>If the boot media for the FTP clients is not precisely
- the same version as that provided by the local FTP site,
- then <application>sysinstall</application> will not complete
- the installation. If the versions are not similar and
- you want to override this, go into the
+ <para>If the boot media (floppy disks, usually) for your FTP
+ clients is not precisely the same version as that provided
+ by the local FTP site, then <application>sysinstall</application>
+ will not let you
+ complete the installation. If the versions are not similar and
+ you want to override this, you must go into the
<guimenu>Options</guimenu> menu and change distribution name to
<guimenuitem>any</guimenuitem>.</para>
</note>
@@ -4561,7 +4760,74 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
</warning>
</sect2>
- <sect2 id="install-msdos">
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Creating Installation Floppies</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>installation</primary>
+ <secondary>floppies</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>If you must install from floppy disk (which we suggest you
+ do <emphasis>not</emphasis> do), either due to unsupported
+ hardware or simply because you insist on doing things the hard
+ way, you must first prepare some floppies for the installation.</para>
+
+ <para>At a minimum, you will need as many 1.44 MB floppies
+ as it takes to hold all the files in the
+ <filename>base</filename> (base distribution) directory. If
+ you are preparing the floppies from &ms-dos;, then they
+ <emphasis>must</emphasis> be formatted using the &ms-dos;
+ <command>FORMAT</command> command. If you are using &windows;,
+ use Explorer to format the disks (right-click on the
+ <devicename>A:</devicename> drive, and select
+ <quote>Format</quote>).</para>
+
+ <para>Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> trust factory pre-formatted
+ floppies. Format them again yourself, just to be sure. Many
+ problems reported by our users in the past have resulted from
+ the use of improperly formatted media, which is why we are
+ making a point of it now.</para>
+
+ <para>If you are creating the floppies on another FreeBSD machine,
+ a format is still not a bad idea, though you do not need to put
+ a &ms-dos; filesystem on each floppy. You can use the
+ <command>bsdlabel</command> and <command>newfs</command>
+ commands to put a UFS filesystem on them instead, as the
+ following sequence of commands (for a 3.5" 1.44 MB floppy)
+ illustrates:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w fd0.1440 floppy3</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>Then you can mount and write to them like any other
+ filesystem.</para>
+
+ <para>After you have formatted the floppies, you will need to copy
+ the files to them. The distribution files are split into chunks
+ conveniently sized so that five of them will fit on a conventional
+ 1.44 MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many
+ files as will fit on each one, until you have all of the
+ distributions you want packed up in this fashion. Each
+ distribution should go into a subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.:
+ <filename>a:\base\base.aa</filename>,
+ <filename>a:\base\base.ab</filename>, and so on.</para>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>The <filename>base.inf</filename> file also needs to go on the
+ first floppy of the <filename>base</filename> set since it is read
+ by the installation program in order to figure out how many
+ additional pieces to look for when fetching and concatenating the
+ distribution.</para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>Once you come to the Media screen during the install
+ process, select <guimenuitem>Floppy</guimenuitem> and you
+ will be prompted for the rest.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="install-msdos">
<title>Installing from an &ms-dos; Partition</title>
<indexterm>
@@ -4627,7 +4893,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<note>
<para>When starting the installation, the tape must be in the
drive <emphasis>before</emphasis> booting from the boot
- media. The installation probe may otherwise fail to find
+ floppy. The installation probe may otherwise fail to find
it.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
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