svn commit: r40750 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Fri Jan 25 17:11:04 UTC 2013
Author: dru
Date: Fri Jan 25 17:11:04 2013
New Revision: 40750
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/40750
Log:
White space fix only. Translators can ignore.
Approved by: gjb (mentor)
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml Fri Jan 25 17:07:42 2013 (r40749)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml Fri Jan 25 17:11:04 2013 (r40750)
@@ -29,21 +29,23 @@
<sect1 id="printing-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
+
<indexterm><primary>LPD spooling system</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>printing</primary></indexterm>
- <para>&os; can be used to print with a wide variety of printers, from the
- oldest impact printer to the latest laser printers, and everything in
- between, allowing you to produce high-quality printed output from the
- applications you run.</para>
+ <para>&os; can be used to print with a wide variety of printers,
+ from the oldest impact printer to the latest laser printers,
+ and everything in between, allowing you to produce high-quality
+ printed output from the applications you run.</para>
<para>&os; can also be configured to act as a print server on a
- network; in this capacity &os; can receive print jobs from a variety
- of other computers, including other &os; computers, &windows; and
- &macos; hosts. &os; will ensure that one job at a time is printed, and
- can keep statistics on which users and machines are doing the most
- printing, produce <quote>banner</quote> pages showing whose printout is
- whose, and more.</para>
+ network; in this capacity &os; can receive print jobs from a
+ varietyof other computers, including other &os; computers,
+ &windows; and &macos; hosts. &os; will ensure that one job
+ at a time is printed, and can keep statistics on which users
+ and machines are doing the most printing, produce
+ <quote>banner</quote> pages showing whose printout is whose,
+ and more.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
@@ -53,17 +55,19 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>How to install print filters, to handle special print jobs
- differently, including converting incoming documents to print
- formats that your printers understand.</para>
+ <para>How to install print filters, to handle special print
+ jobs differently, including converting incoming documents
+ to print formats that your printers understand.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>How to enable header, or banner pages on your printout.</para>
+ <para>How to enable header, or banner pages on your
+ printout.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>How to print with printers connected to other computers.</para>
+ <para>How to print with printers connected to other
+ computers.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -72,8 +76,9 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>How to control printer restrictions, including limiting the size
- of print jobs, and preventing certain users from printing.</para>
+ <para>How to control printer restrictions, including limiting
+ the size of print jobs, and preventing certain users from
+ printing.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -99,21 +104,22 @@
<sect1 id="printing-intro-spooler">
<title>Introduction</title>
- <para>In order to use printers with &os; you may set
- them up to work with the Berkeley line printer spooling system,
- also known as the <application>LPD</application> spooling system,
- or just <application>LPD</application>.
- It is the standard printer control system in &os;. This
- chapter introduces <application>LPD</application> and
- will guide you through its configuration.</para>
+ <para>In order to use printers with &os; you may set them up to
+ work with the Berkeley line printer spooling system, also known
+ as the <application>LPD</application> spooling system, or just
+ <application>LPD</application>. It is the standard printer
+ control system in &os;. This chapter introduces
+ <application>LPD</application> and will guide you through its
+ configuration.</para>
<para>If you are already familiar with
<application>LPD</application> or another printer spooling
system, you may wish to skip to section <link
linkend="printing-intro-setup">Basic Setup</link>.</para>
- <para><application>LPD</application> controls everything about a
- host's printers. It is responsible for a number of things:</para>
+ <para><application>LPD</application> controls everything about
+ a host's printers. It is responsible for a number of
+ things:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@@ -129,16 +135,16 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>It prevents multiple users from accessing a printer at the
- same time by maintaining a <emphasis>queue</emphasis> for each
- printer.</para>
+ <para>It prevents multiple users from accessing a printer at
+ the same time by maintaining a <emphasis>queue</emphasis>
+ for each printer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>It can print <emphasis>header pages</emphasis> (also known
- as <emphasis>banner</emphasis> or <emphasis>burst</emphasis>
- pages) so users can easily find jobs they have printed in a
- stack of printouts.</para>
+ <para>It can print <emphasis>header pages</emphasis> (also
+ known as <emphasis>banner</emphasis> or
+ <emphasis>burst</emphasis> pages) so users can easily find
+ jobs they have printed in a stack of printouts.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -148,12 +154,14 @@
<listitem>
<para>It can send jobs over the network to a
- <application>LPD</application> spooler on another host.</para>
+ <application>LPD</application> spooler on another
+ host.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>It can run special filters to format jobs to be printed for
- various printer languages or printer capabilities.</para>
+ <para>It can run special filters to format jobs to be printed
+ for various printer languages or printer
+ capabilities.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -162,42 +170,42 @@
</itemizedlist>
<para>Through a configuration file
- (<filename>/etc/printcap</filename>), and by providing the special
- filter programs, you can enable the <application>LPD</application>
- system to do all or some subset of the above for a great variety of
- printer hardware.</para>
+ (<filename>/etc/printcap</filename>), and by providing the
+ special filter programs, you can enable the
+ <application>LPD</application> system to do all or some subset
+ of the above for a great variety of printer hardware.</para>
<sect2 id="printing-intro-why">
<title>Why You Should Use the Spooler</title>
- <para>If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering
- why you should bother with the spooler when you do not need access
- control, header pages, or printer accounting. While it is
- possible to enable direct access to a printer, you should use the
- spooler anyway since:</para>
+ <para>If you are the sole user of your system, you may be
+ wondering why you should bother with the spooler when you do
+ not need access control, header pages, or printer accounting.
+ While it is possible to enable direct access to a printer,
+ you should use the spooler anyway since:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><application>LPD</application> prints jobs in the background;
- you do not have to wait for data to be copied to the
- printer.</para>
+ <para><application>LPD</application> prints jobs in the
+ background; you do not have to wait for data to be copied
+ to the printer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>&tex;</primary></indexterm>
- <para><application>LPD</application> can conveniently run a job
- to be printed through filters to add date/time headers or convert
- a special file format (such as a &tex; DVI file) into a format
- the printer will understand. You will not have to do these steps
- manually.</para>
+ <para><application>LPD</application> can conveniently run
+ a job to be printed through filters to add date/time
+ headers or convert a special file format (such as a &tex;
+ DVI file) into a format the printer will understand.
+ You will not have to do these steps manually.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Many free and commercial programs that provide a print
- feature usually expect to talk to the spooler on your system.
- By setting up the spooling system, you will more easily
- support other software you may later add or already
+ feature usually expect to talk to the spooler on your
+ system. By setting up the spooling system, you will more
+ easily support other software you may later add or already
have.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -216,72 +224,74 @@
documentation according to these changes.</para>
</warning>
- <para>To use printers with the <application>LPD</application> spooling
- system, you will need to set up both your printer hardware and the
- <application>LPD</application> software. This document describes two
- levels of setup:</para>
+ <para>To use printers with the <application>LPD</application>
+ spooling system, you will need to set up both your printer
+ hardware and the <application>LPD</application> software. This
+ document describes two levels of setup:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>See section <link linkend="printing-simple">Simple Printer
- Setup</link> to learn how to connect a printer, tell
- <application>LPD</application> how to communicate with it, and
- print plain text files to the printer.</para>
+ <para>See section <link linkend="printing-simple">Simple
+ Printer Setup</link> to learn how to connect a printer,
+ tell <application>LPD</application> how to communicate with
+ it, and print plain text files to the printer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>See section <link linkend="printing-advanced">Advanced Printer
- Setup</link> to learn how to print a variety of special file
- formats, to print header pages, to print across a network, to
- control access to printers, and to do printer accounting.</para>
+ <para>See section <link linkend="printing-advanced">Advanced
+ Printer Setup</link> to learn how to print a variety of
+ special file formats, to print header pages, to print across
+ a network, to control access to printers, and to do printer
+ accounting.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect2 id="printing-simple">
<title>Simple Printer Setup</title>
- <para>This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the
- <application>LPD</application> software to use the printer.
- It teaches the basics:</para>
+ <para>This section tells how to configure printer hardware
+ and the <application>LPD</application> software to use the
+ printer. It teaches the basics:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Section <link linkend="printing-hardware">Hardware
- Setup</link> gives some hints on connecting the printer to a
- port on your computer.</para>
+ Setup</link> gives some hints on connecting the printer
+ to a port on your computer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Section <link linkend="printing-software">Software
- Setup</link> shows how to set up the
+ Setup</link> shows how to set up the
<application>LPD</application> spooler configuration
file (<filename>/etc/printcap</filename>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>If you are setting up a printer that uses a network protocol
- to accept data to print instead of a computer's local interfaces,
- see <link linkend="printing-advanced-network-net-if">Printers With
- Networked Data Stream Interfaces</link>.</para>
+ <para>If you are setting up a printer that uses a network
+ protocol to accept data to print instead of a computer's local
+ interfaces, see <link
+ linkend="printing-advanced-network-net-if">Printers With
+ Networked Data Stream Interfaces</link>.</para>
<para>Although this section is called <quote>Simple Printer
- Setup</quote>, it is actually fairly complex. Getting the printer
- to work with your computer and the <application>LPD</application>
- spooler is the hardest part. The advanced options like header pages
- and accounting are fairly easy once you get the printer
- working.</para>
+ Setup</quote>, it is actually fairly complex. Getting the
+ printer to work with your computer and the
+ <application>LPD</application> spooler is the hardest part.
+ The advanced options like header pages and accounting are
+ fairly easy once you get the printer working.</para>
<sect3 id="printing-hardware">
<title>Hardware Setup</title>
- <para>This section tells about the various ways you can connect a
- printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of ports and
- cables, and also the kernel configuration you may need to enable
- &os; to speak to the printer.</para>
+ <para>This section tells about the various ways you can
+ connect a printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of
+ ports and cables, and also the kernel configuration you may
+ need to enable &os; to speak to the printer.</para>
<para>If you have already connected your printer and have
- successfully printed with it under another operating system, you
- can probably skip to section <link
+ successfully printed with it under another operating system,
+ you can probably skip to section <link
linkend="printing-software">Software Setup</link>.</para>
<sect4 id="printing-ports">
@@ -300,13 +310,14 @@
<para><emphasis>Serial</emphasis> interfaces, also known
as RS-232 or COM ports, use a serial port
on your computer to send data to the printer. Serial
- interfaces are common in the computer industry and cables
- are readily available and also easy to construct. Serial
- interfaces sometimes need special cables and might require
- you to configure somewhat complex communications
- options. Most PC serial ports have a maximum
- transmission rate of 115200 bps, which makes printing
- large graphic print jobs with them impractical.</para>
+ interfaces are common in the computer industry and
+ cables are readily available and also easy to
+ construct. Serial interfaces sometimes need special
+ cables and might require you to configure somewhat
+ complex communications options. Most PC serial ports
+ have a maximum transmission rate of 115200 bps,
+ which makes printing large graphic print jobs with
+ them impractical.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -317,12 +328,12 @@
<para><emphasis>Parallel</emphasis> interfaces use a
parallel port on your computer to send data to the
- printer. Parallel interfaces are common in the PC market
- and are faster than RS-232 serial.
- Cables are readily available but more difficult to
- construct by hand. There are usually no communications
- options with parallel interfaces, making their
- configuration exceedingly simple.</para>
+ printer. Parallel interfaces are common in the PC
+ market and are faster than RS-232 serial. Cables are
+ readily available but more difficult to construct by
+ hand. There are usually no communications options
+ with parallel interfaces, making their configuration
+ exceedingly simple.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>centronics</primary>
@@ -341,115 +352,123 @@
<para>USB interfaces, named for the Universal Serial
Bus, can run at even faster speeds than parallel or
- RS-232 serial interfaces. Cables are simple and cheap.
- USB is superior to RS-232 Serial and to Parallel for
- printing, but it is not as well supported under &unix;
- systems. A way to avoid this problem is to purchase a
- printer that has both a USB interface and a Parallel
- interface, as many printers do.</para>
+ RS-232 serial interfaces. Cables are simple and
+ cheap. USB is superior to RS-232 Serial and to
+ Parallel for printing, but it is not as well supported
+ under &unix; systems. A way to avoid this problem is
+ to purchase a printer that has both a USB interface
+ and a Parallel interface, as many printers do.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>In general, Parallel interfaces usually offer just
one-way communication (computer to printer) while serial
and USB gives you two-way. Newer parallel ports (EPP and
- ECP) and printers can communicate in both directions under &os;
- when a IEEE-1284-compliant cable is used.</para>
+ ECP) and printers can communicate in both directions under
+ &os; when a IEEE-1284-compliant cable is used.</para>
<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm>
<para>Two-way communication to the printer over a parallel
- port is generally done in one of two ways. The first method
- uses a custom-built printer driver for &os; that speaks
- the proprietary language used by the printer. This is
- common with inkjet printers and can be used for reporting
- ink levels and other status information. The second
- method is used when the printer supports
+ port is generally done in one of two ways. The first
+ method uses a custom-built printer driver for &os; that
+ speaks the proprietary language used by the printer. This
+ is common with inkjet printers and can be used for
+ reporting ink levels and other status information. The
+ second method is used when the printer supports
&postscript;.</para>
- <para>&postscript; jobs are actually programs sent to the printer;
- they need not produce paper at all and may return results
- directly to the computer. &postscript; also uses two-way
- communication to tell the computer about problems, such as errors
- in the &postscript; program or paper jams. Your users may be
- appreciative of such information. Furthermore, the best way to
- do effective accounting with a &postscript; printer requires
- two-way communication: you ask the printer for its page count (how
- many pages it has printed in its lifetime), then send the
- user's job, then ask again for its page count. Subtract the
- two values and you know how much paper to charge to the
+ <para>&postscript; jobs are actually programs sent to the
+ printer; they need not produce paper at all and may return
+ results directly to the computer. &postscript; also uses
+ two-way communication to tell the computer about problems,
+ such as errors in the &postscript; program or paper jams.
+ Your users may be appreciative of such information.
+ Furthermore, the best way to do effective accounting with
+ a &postscript; printer requires two-way communication:
+ you ask the printer for its page count (how many pages
+ it has printed in its lifetime), then send the user's job,
+ then ask again for its page count. Subtract the two
+ values and you know how much paper to charge to the
user.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="printing-parallel">
<title>Parallel Ports</title>
- <para>To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect
- the Centronics cable between the printer and the computer.
- The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or
- both should give you complete guidance.</para>
+ <para>To hook up a printer using a parallel interface,
+ connect the Centronics cable between the printer and the
+ computer. The instructions that came with the printer,
+ the computer, or both should give you complete
+ guidance.</para>
<para>Remember which parallel port you used on the computer.
The first parallel port is
- <filename class="devicefile">ppc0</filename> to &os;; the second
- is <filename class="devicefile">ppc1</filename>, and so on. The
+ <filename class="devicefile">ppc0</filename> to &os;;
+ the second is <filename
+ class="devicefile">ppc1</filename>, and so on. The
printer device name uses the same scheme:
- <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt0</filename> for the printer
- on the first parallel ports etc.</para>
+ <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt0</filename> for
+ the printer on the first parallel ports etc.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="printing-serial">
<title>Serial Ports</title>
- <para>To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the
- proper serial cable between the printer and the computer. The
- instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both
- should give you complete guidance.</para>
+ <para>To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect
+ the proper serial cable between the printer and the
+ computer. The instructions that came with the printer,
+ the computer, or both should give you complete
+ guidance.</para>
<para>If you are unsure what the <quote>proper serial
- cable</quote> is, you may wish to try one of the following
- alternatives:</para>
+ cable</quote> is, you may wish to try one of the
+ following alternatives:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>A <emphasis>modem</emphasis> cable connects each pin
- of the connector on one end of the cable straight through
- to its corresponding pin of the connector on the other
- end. This type of cable is also known as a
+ <para>A <emphasis>modem</emphasis> cable connects each
+ pin of the connector on one end of the cable straight
+ through to its corresponding pin of the connector on
+ the other end. This type of cable is also known as a
<quote>DTE-to-DCE</quote> cable.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <indexterm><primary>null-modem cable</primary></indexterm>
+ <indexterm><primary>null-modem
+ cable</primary></indexterm>
- <para>A <emphasis>null-modem</emphasis> cable connects some
- pins straight through, swaps others (send data to receive
- data, for example), and shorts some internally in each
- connector hood. This type of cable is also known as a
- <quote>DTE-to-DTE</quote> cable.</para>
+ <para>A <emphasis>null-modem</emphasis> cable connects
+ some pins straight through, swaps others (send data to
+ receive data, for example), and shorts some internally
+ in each connector hood. This type of cable is also
+ known as a <quote>DTE-to-DTE</quote> cable.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A <emphasis>serial printer</emphasis> cable, required
- for some unusual printers, is like the null-modem cable,
- but sends some signals to their counterparts instead of
- being internally shorted.</para>
+ <para>A <emphasis>serial printer</emphasis> cable,
+ required for some unusual printers, is like the
+ null-modem cable, but sends some signals to their
+ counterparts instead of being internally
+ shorted.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<indexterm><primary>baud rate</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>parity</primary></indexterm>
- <indexterm><primary>flow control protocol</primary></indexterm>
- <para>You should also set up the communications parameters for
- the printer, usually through front-panel controls or DIP
- switches on the printer. Choose the highest
+ <indexterm><primary>flow control
+ protocol</primary></indexterm>
+ <para>You should also set up the communications parameters
+ for the printer, usually through front-panel controls or
+ DIP switches on the printer. Choose the highest
<literal>bps</literal> (bits per second, sometimes
<emphasis>baud rate</emphasis>) that both your computer
- and the printer can support. Choose 7 or 8 data bits; none,
- even, or odd parity; and 1 or 2 stop bits. Also choose a flow
- control protocol: either none, or XON/XOFF (also known as
- <quote>in-band</quote> or <quote>software</quote>) flow control.
- Remember these settings for the software configuration that
+ and the printer can support. Choose 7 or 8 data bits;
+ none, even, or odd parity; and 1 or 2 stop bits. Also
+ choose a flow control protocol: either none, or XON/XOFF
+ (also known as <quote>in-band</quote> or
+ <quote>software</quote>) flow control. Remember these
+ settings for the software configuration that
follows.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
@@ -457,73 +476,76 @@
<sect3 id="printing-software">
<title>Software Setup</title>
- <para>This section describes the software setup necessary to print
- with the <application>LPD</application> spooling system in &os;.
- </para>
+ <para>This section describes the software setup necessary
+ to print with the <application>LPD</application> spooling
+ system in &os;.</para>
<para>Here is an outline of the steps involved:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Configure your kernel, if necessary, for the port you
- are using for the printer; section <link
- linkend="printing-kernel">Kernel Configuration</link> tells
- you what you need to do.</para>
+ <para>Configure your kernel, if necessary, for the port
+ you are using for the printer; section <link
+ linkend="printing-kernel">Kernel Configuration</link>
+ tells you what you need to do.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Set the communications mode for the parallel port, if
- you are using a parallel port; section <link
+ <para>Set the communications mode for the parallel port,
+ if you are using a parallel port; section <link
linkend="printing-parallel-port-mode">Setting the
Communication Mode for the Parallel Port</link> gives
details.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Test if the operating system can send data to the printer.
- Section <link linkend="printing-testing">Checking Printer
- Communications</link> gives some suggestions on how to do
- this.</para>
+ <para>Test if the operating system can send data to the
+ printer. Section <link
+ linkend="printing-testing">Checking Printer
+ Communications</link> gives some suggestions on how to
+ do this.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Set up <application>LPD</application> for the printer by
- modifying the file <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. You
- will find out how to do this later in this chapter.</para>
+ <para>Set up <application>LPD</application> for the
+ printer by modifying the file
+ <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. You will find out
+ how to do this later in this chapter.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<sect4 id="printing-kernel">
<title>Kernel Configuration</title>
- <para>The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a
- specific set of devices. The serial or parallel interface for
- your printer is a part of that set. Therefore, it might be
- necessary to add support for an additional serial or parallel
- port if your kernel is not already configured for one.</para>
+ <para>The operating system kernel is compiled to work with
+ a specific set of devices. The serial or parallel
+ interface for your printer is a part of that set.
+ Therefore, it might be necessary to add support for an
+ additional serial or parallel port if your kernel is not
+ already configured for one.</para>
- <para>To find out if the kernel you are currently using supports
- a serial interface, type:</para>
+ <para>To find out if the kernel you are currently using
+ supports a serial interface, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>grep sio<replaceable>N</replaceable> <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename></command></userinput></screen>
- <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of the
- serial port, starting from zero. If you see output similar to
- the following:</para>
+ <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of
+ the serial port, starting from zero. If you see output
+ similar to the following:</para>
<screen>sio2 at port 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A</screen>
<para>then the kernel supports the port.</para>
- <para>To find out if the kernel supports a parallel interface,
- type:</para>
+ <para>To find out if the kernel supports a parallel
+ interface, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>grep ppc<replaceable>N</replaceable> /var/run/dmesg.boot</command></userinput></screen>
- <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of the
- parallel port, starting from zero. If you see output similar
- to the following:</para>
+ <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of
+ the parallel port, starting from zero. If you see output
+ similar to the following:</para>
<screen>ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
@@ -531,13 +553,13 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
<para>then the kernel supports the port.</para>
- <para>You might have to reconfigure your kernel in order for the
- operating system to recognize and use the parallel or serial
- port you are using for the printer.</para>
+ <para>You might have to reconfigure your kernel in order
+ for the operating system to recognize and use the parallel
+ or serial port you are using for the printer.</para>
<para>To add support for a serial port, see the section on
- kernel configuration. To add support for a parallel port, see
- that section <emphasis>and</emphasis> the section that
+ kernel configuration. To add support for a parallel port,
+ see that section <emphasis>and</emphasis> the section that
follows.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
@@ -546,8 +568,8 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
<title>Setting the Communication Mode for the Parallel
Port</title>
- <para>When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose
- whether &os; should use interrupt-driven or polled
+ <para>When you are using the parallel interface, you can
+ choose whether &os; should use interrupt-driven or polled
communication with the printer. The generic printer
device driver (&man.lpt.4;) on &os;
uses the &man.ppbus.4; system, which controls the port
@@ -555,10 +577,10 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>The <emphasis>interrupt-driven</emphasis> method is
- the default with the GENERIC kernel. With this method,
- the operating system uses an IRQ line to determine when
- the printer is ready for data.</para>
+ <para>The <emphasis>interrupt-driven</emphasis> method
+ is the default with the GENERIC kernel. With this
+ method, the operating system uses an IRQ line to
+ determine when the printer is ready for data.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -582,27 +604,27 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
program.</para>
<para><emphasis>To set the communications mode by configuring
- the kernel:</emphasis></para>
+ the kernel:</emphasis></para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Edit your kernel configuration file. Look for
an <literal>ppc0</literal> entry. If you are setting up
the second parallel port, use <literal>ppc1</literal>
- instead. Use <literal>ppc2</literal> for the third port,
- and so on.</para>
+ instead. Use <literal>ppc2</literal> for the third
+ port, and so on.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>If you want interrupt-driven mode, edit the following
- line:</para>
+ <para>If you want interrupt-driven mode, edit the
+ following line:</para>
<programlisting>hint.ppc.0.irq="<replaceable>N</replaceable>"</programlisting>
- <para>in the <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> file
- and replace <replaceable>N</replaceable> with the right
- IRQ number. The kernel configuration file must
- also contain the &man.ppc.4; driver:</para>
+ <para>in the <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>
+ file and replace <replaceable>N</replaceable> with
+ the right IRQ number. The kernel configuration file
+ must also contain the &man.ppc.4; driver:</para>
<screen>device ppc</screen>
</listitem>
@@ -626,9 +648,10 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
</step>
<step>
- <para>Save the file. Then configure, build, and install the
- kernel, then reboot. See <link linkend="kernelconfig">kernel
- configuration</link> for more details.</para>
+ <para>Save the file. Then configure, build, and install
+ the kernel, then reboot. See <link
+ linkend="kernelconfig">kernel configuration</link>
+ for more details.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -651,7 +674,7 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>lptcontrol <option>-p</option> <option>-d</option> <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename></command></userinput></screen>
<para>to set polled-mode for
- <literal>lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal>.</para>
+ <literal>lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -685,19 +708,19 @@ ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold<
(Is this thing working?) show
showpage</programlisting>
- <para>The above &postscript; code can be placed into a file and
- used as shown in the examples appearing in the following
+ <para>The above &postscript; code can be placed into a file
+ and used as shown in the examples appearing in the following
sections.</para>
<indexterm><primary>PCL</primary></indexterm>
<note>
- <para>When this document refers to a printer language, it is
- assuming a language like &postscript;, and not Hewlett
+ <para>When this document refers to a printer language, it
+ is assuming a language like &postscript;, and not Hewlett
Packard's PCL. Although PCL has great functionality, you
can intermingle plain text with its escape sequences.
- &postscript; cannot directly print plain text, and that is the
- kind of printer language for which we must make special
- accommodations.</para>
+ &postscript; cannot directly print plain text, and that
+ is the kind of printer language for which we must make
+ special accommodations.</para>
</note>
<sect4 id="printing-checking-parallel">
@@ -712,11 +735,12 @@ showpage</programlisting>
port.</para>
<para><emphasis>To test a printer on a parallel
- port:</emphasis></para>
+ port:</emphasis></para>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Become <username>root</username> with &man.su.1;.</para>
+ <para>Become <username>root</username> with
+ &man.su.1;.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -729,33 +753,35 @@ showpage</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>lptest > <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename></command></userinput></screen>
- <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number
- of the parallel port, starting from zero.</para>
+ <para>Where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the
+ number of the parallel port, starting from
+ zero.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>If the printer understands &postscript; or other
- printer language, then send a small program to the
- printer. Type:</para>
+ <para>If the printer understands &postscript; or
+ other printer language, then send a small program
+ to the printer. Type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>cat > <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename></command></userinput></screen>
<para>Then, line by line, type the program
- <emphasis>carefully</emphasis> as you cannot edit a
- line once you have pressed <literal>RETURN</literal>
- or <literal>ENTER</literal>. When you have finished
+ <emphasis>carefully</emphasis> as you cannot edit
+ a line once you have pressed
+ <literal>RETURN</literal> or
+ <literal>ENTER</literal>. When you have finished
entering the program, press
- <literal>CONTROL+D</literal>, or whatever your end
- of file key is.</para>
+ <literal>CONTROL+D</literal>, or whatever your
+ end of file key is.</para>
- <para>Alternatively, you can put the program in a file
- and type:</para>
+ <para>Alternatively, you can put the program in a
+ file and type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>cat <filename><replaceable>file</replaceable></filename> > <filename class="devicefile">/dev/lpt<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename></command></userinput></screen>
<para>Where <replaceable>file</replaceable> is the
- name of the file containing the program you want to
- send to the printer.</para>
+ name of the file containing the program you want
+ to send to the printer.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</step>
@@ -777,35 +803,37 @@ showpage</programlisting>
communicate with a printer on a serial port.</para>
<para><emphasis>To test a printer on a serial
- port:</emphasis></para>
+ port:</emphasis></para>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Become <username>root</username> with &man.su.1;.</para>
+ <para>Become <username>root</username> with
+ &man.su.1;.</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Edit the file <filename>/etc/remote</filename>. Add
- the following entry:</para>
+ <para>Edit the file <filename>/etc/remote</filename>.
+ Add the following entry:</para>
<programlisting>printer:dv=<filename class="devicefile">/dev/<replaceable>port</replaceable></filename>:br#<replaceable>bps-rate</replaceable>:pa=<replaceable>parity</replaceable></programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>bits-per-second</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>serial port</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>parity</primary></indexterm>
- <para>Where <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the device
- entry for the serial port (<literal>ttyu0</literal>,
- <literal>ttyu1</literal>, etc.),
- <replaceable>bps-rate</replaceable> is the
- bits-per-second rate at which the printer communicates,
- and <replaceable>parity</replaceable> is the parity
- required by the printer (either <literal>even</literal>,
- <literal>odd</literal>, <literal>none</literal>, or
+ <para>Where <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the
+ device entry for the serial port
+ (<literal>ttyu0</literal>, <literal>ttyu1</literal>,
+ etc.), <replaceable>bps-rate</replaceable> is the
+ bits-per-second rate at which the printer
+ communicates, and <replaceable>parity</replaceable>
+ is the parity required by the printer (either
+ <literal>even</literal>, <literal>odd</literal>,
+ <literal>none</literal>, or
<literal>zero</literal>).</para>
<para>Here is a sample entry for a printer connected via
- a serial line to the third serial port at 19200 bps
- with no parity:</para>
+ a serial line to the third serial port at
+ 19200 bps with no parity:</para>
<programlisting>printer:dv=<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ttyu2</filename>:br#19200:pa=none</programlisting>
</step>
@@ -818,8 +846,11 @@ showpage</programlisting>
<para>If this step does not work, edit the file
<filename>/etc/remote</filename> again and try using
- <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuaa<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> instead of
- <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.</para>
+ <filename
+ class="devicefile">/dev/cuaa<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
+ instead of
+ <filename
+ class="devicefile">/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
@@ -834,18 +865,19 @@ showpage</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>If the printer understands &postscript; or other
- printer language, then send a small program to the
- printer. Type the program, line by line,
+ <para>If the printer understands &postscript; or
+ other printer language, then send a small program
+ to the printer. Type the program, line by line,
<emphasis>very carefully</emphasis> as backspacing
or other editing keys may be significant to the
printer. You may also need to type a special
end-of-file key for the printer so it knows it
received the whole program. For &postscript;
- printers, press <literal>CONTROL+D</literal>.</para>
+ printers, press
+ <literal>CONTROL+D</literal>.</para>
- <para>Alternatively, you can put the program in a file
- and type:</para>
+ <para>Alternatively, you can put the program in a
+ file and type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>><replaceable>file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@@ -864,43 +896,45 @@ showpage</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="printing-printcap">
- <title>Enabling the Spooler: the <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>
- File</title>
+ <title>Enabling the Spooler: the
+ <filename>/etc/printcap</filename> File</title>
+
+ <para>At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your
+ kernel configured to communicate with it (if necessary),
+ and you have been able to send some simple data to the
+ printer. Now, we are ready to configure
+ <application>LPD</application> to control access to your
+ printer.</para>
- <para>At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your kernel
- configured to communicate with it (if necessary), and you have
- been able to send some simple data to the printer. Now, we are
- ready to configure <application>LPD</application> to control access
- to your printer.</para>
-
- <para>You configure <application>LPD</application> by editing the file
- <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. The
- <application>LPD</application> spooling system
- reads this file each time the spooler is used, so updates to the
+ <para>You configure <application>LPD</application> by editing
+ the file <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. The
+ <application>LPD</application> spooling system reads this
+ file each time the spooler is used, so updates to the
file take immediate effect.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>printers</primary>
<secondary>capabilities</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>The format of the &man.printcap.5; file is straightforward.
- Use your favorite text editor to make changes to
- <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. The format is identical to
- other capability files like
+ <para>The format of the &man.printcap.5; file is
+ straightforward. Use your favorite text editor to make
+ changes to <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>. The format
+ is identical to other capability files like
<filename>/usr/share/misc/termcap</filename> and
<filename>/etc/remote</filename>. For complete information
about the format, see the &man.cgetent.3;.</para>
- <para>The simple spooler configuration consists of the following
- steps:</para>
+ <para>The simple spooler configuration consists of the
+ following steps:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Pick a name (and a few convenient aliases) for the
printer, and put them in the
<filename>/etc/printcap</filename> file; see the
*** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***
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