Implementation of expl()
David Schultz
das at FreeBSD.ORG
Sun Dec 9 14:42:01 PST 2007
On Sun, Dec 09, 2007, David Schultz wrote:
> On Sun, Dec 09, 2007, Steve Kargl wrote:
> > On Sun, Dec 09, 2007 at 04:25:05PM -0500, David Schultz wrote:
> > > On Fri, Nov 02, 2007, Steve Kargl wrote:
> > > > With all the success of developing several other missing
> > > > C99 math routines, I decided to tackle expl() (which I
> > > > need to tackle tanhl()).
> > >
> > > Hmm, great, but where's the patch? :) Maybe the mailing list
> > > software ate it.
> >
> > This is the current version. I need to revise how I computed
> > the ploynomial coefficient. In short, I mapped r in
> > [-ln(2)/2:ln(2)/2] into the range x in [-1,1] for the Chebyshev
> > interpolation, but I never scaled x back into r. This is the
> > reason why the lines "r = r * TOLN2;" exists.
>
> Some minor fixes (mostly whitespace) are below.
Oops, here it is.
--- /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_expl.c.bak 2007-12-09 17:30:35.000000000 -0500
+++ /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_expl.c 2007-12-09 17:34:14.000000000 -0500
@@ -38,45 +38,46 @@
#define XMAX 0x2.c5c85fdf473de6ap12L
/* ln(LDBL_MIN) = -11355.137111933024 */
-#define XMIN -0x2.c5b2319c4843accp12L
+#define XMIN -0x2.c5b2319c4843accp12L
/* | ln(smallest subnormal) | = 11399.498531488861 */
#define GRAD 0x2.c877f9fc278aeaap12L
-#define LN2 0xb.17217f7d1cf79acp-4L /* ln(2) */
-#define LN2HI 0xb.17217f7d2000000p-4L
-#define LN2LO -0x3.08654361c4c67fcp-44L
+#define LN2 0xb.17217f7d1cf79acp-4L /* ln(2) */
+#define LN2HI 0xb.17217f7d2000000p-4L
+#define LN2LO -0x3.08654361c4c67fcp-44L
-#define TOLN2 0x2.e2a8eca5705fc2fp0L /* 2/ln(2) */
+#define TOLN2 0x2.e2a8eca5705fc2fp0L /* 2/ln(2) */
-#define ILN2 0x1.71547652b82fe17p0L /* 1/ln(2) */
-#define ILN2HI 0x1.71547652b800000p0L
-#define ILN2LO 0x2.fe1777d0ffda0d2p-44L
+#define ILN2 0x1.71547652b82fe17p0L /* 1/ln(2) */
+#define ILN2HI 0x1.71547652b800000p0L
+#define ILN2LO 0x2.fe1777d0ffda0d2p-44L
-#define LN2O2 0x5.8b90bfbe8e7bcd6p-4L /* ln(2)/2 */
+#define LN2O2 0x5.8b90bfbe8e7bcd6p-4L /* ln(2)/2 */
+
+#define ZERO 0.L
-#define ZERO 0.L
/*
* This set of coefficients is used in the polynomial approximation
* for exp(r) where r is in [-ln(2)/2:ln(2)/2], and the r comes from
* the argument reduction of x.
*/
-#define C0 0x1.000000000000000p0L
-#define C1 0x5.8b90bfbe8e7bcd6p-4L
-#define C2 0xf.5fdeffc162c7543p-8L
-#define C3 0x1.c6b08d704a0bf8bp-8L
-#define C4 0x2.76556df749cee54p-12L
-#define C5 0x2.bb0ffcf14ce6221p-16L
-#define C6 0x2.861225f0d8f0edfp-20L
-#define C7 0x1.ffcbfc588b0c687p-24L
-#define C8 0x1.62c0223a5c823fdp-28L
-#define C9 0xd.a929e9caf3e1ed2p-36L
-#define C10 0x7.933d4562e3b2cd7p-40L
-#define C11 0x3.d1958e6a3764b64p-44L
-#define C12 0x1.c3bd650fc1e343ap-48L
-#define C13 0xc.0b0c98b3649ff26p-56L
-#define C14 0x4.c525936609b02cfp-60L
-#define C15 0x1.c36e84400493e74p-64L
+#define C0 0x1.000000000000000p0L
+#define C1 0x5.8b90bfbe8e7bcd6p-4L
+#define C2 0xf.5fdeffc162c7543p-8L
+#define C3 0x1.c6b08d704a0bf8bp-8L
+#define C4 0x2.76556df749cee54p-12L
+#define C5 0x2.bb0ffcf14ce6221p-16L
+#define C6 0x2.861225f0d8f0edfp-20L
+#define C7 0x1.ffcbfc588b0c687p-24L
+#define C8 0x1.62c0223a5c823fdp-28L
+#define C9 0xd.a929e9caf3e1ed2p-36L
+#define C10 0x7.933d4562e3b2cd7p-40L
+#define C11 0x3.d1958e6a3764b64p-44L
+#define C12 0x1.c3bd650fc1e343ap-48L
+#define C13 0xc.0b0c98b3649ff26p-56L
+#define C14 0x4.c525936609b02cfp-60L
+#define C15 0x1.c36e84400493e74p-64L
long double
expl(long double x)
@@ -90,15 +91,10 @@
z.bits.sign = 0;
/* x is either 0 or a subnormal number. */
- if (z.bits.exp == 0) {
- if ((z.bits.manl | z.bits.manh) == 0)
- return (1);
- else
- return (1 + x);
- }
+ if (z.bits.exp == 0)
+ return (1 + x);
if (XMIN <= x && x <= XMAX) {
-
/* Argument reduction. */
k = (int) (z.e * ILN2HI + z.e * ILN2LO);
r = z.e - k * LN2HI - k * LN2LO;
@@ -117,11 +113,13 @@
if (s) {
z.e = 1 / z.e;
z.bits.exp -= k;
- } else
+ } else {
z.bits.exp += k;
+ }
return (z.e);
}
+
/*
* If x = +Inf, then exp(x) = Inf.
* If x = -Inf, then exp(x) = 0.
@@ -157,10 +155,11 @@
(C6 + r * (C7 + r * (C8 + r * (C9 + r * (C10 + r * (C11 + r *
(C12 + r * (C13 + r * (C14 + r * C15))))))))))))));
z.e = 1 / z.e;
+
/*
* FIXME: There has to be a better way to handle gradual underflow
* because the relative absolute error is fairly large for numerous
- * vlaues of x as exp(x) goes to zero.
+ * values of x as exp(x) goes to zero.
*/
z.e = scalbnl(z.e, -k);
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