How TLS is used in Kernel thread

[Jin Guojun]

By looking through _pthread_create() code and find it uses a magic 
cookie -- TLS -- created
by rtld_allocate_tls(), and passed into kernel by sysarch() via 
_tcb_set() / _kcb_set().

The information seems to be set by rtld (ld-elf.so.1) in digest_phdr() 
under tag PT_TLS.
But it is very magic for where the TLS object is created and how it is 
passed to digest_phdr().

The whole object passed into kernel (as sd.gsbase) looks like this:

TCB:  ______________________________
         |  TLS              |           TCB      |
         |______________|_______________|

Can someone give some basic exaplain on following questions?

1) What TLS stand for?
2) Where TLS object is created? (below is the tls assigned, but I couls 
not find where ph is from)
    case PT_TLS:
            obj->tlsindex = 1;
            obj->tlssize = ph->p_memsz;
            obj->tlsalign = ph->p_align;
            obj->tlsinitsize = ph->p_filesz;
            obj->tlsinit = (void*) ph->p_vaddr;

3) Where in kernel the TLS is used for thread operation?

Thanks in advance,
-Jin