git: eab1c5d1f6 - main - books/: Address more instances of sentences beginning with 'Because...'
Daniel Ebdrup Jensen
debdrup at FreeBSD.org
Tue Jan 12 18:34:43 UTC 2021
The branch main has been updated by debdrup:
URL: https://cgit.FreeBSD.org/doc/commit/?id=eab1c5d1f64d77131928469081729d6370841075
commit eab1c5d1f64d77131928469081729d6370841075
Author: Ceri Davies <ceri at submonkey.net>
AuthorDate: 2021-01-12 17:57:32 +0000
Commit: Daniel Ebdrup Jensen <debdrup at FreeBSD.org>
CommitDate: 2021-01-12 18:33:23 +0000
books/: Address more instances of sentences beginning with 'Because...'
As was the case with the previous commit, the intention is to avoid
sentence fragments as well as sentences that can be mistaken for them,
since the handbook isn't written in a style that makes use of
subordinate conjunctions.
While touching the relevant files, I also fixed a few issues pointed
out by PauAmma, and reflowed a sentence as a result.
PR: 252519
Submitted by: ceri@
Reviewed by: PauAmma
---
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.xml | 2 +-
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.xml | 4 ++--
.../books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml | 6 +++---
.../books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml | 2 +-
.../books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml | 2 +-
.../books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml | 6 +++---
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml | 4 ++--
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/manpages/chapter.xml | 2 +-
.../books/fdp-primer/po-translations/chapter.xml | 8 ++++----
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/xml-primer/chapter.xml | 6 +++---
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml | 6 +++---
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.xml | 2 +-
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml | 4 ++--
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml | 16 ++++++++--------
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml | 2 +-
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml | 4 ++--
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml | 4 ++--
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs/chapter.xml | 6 +++---
18 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.xml
index 798b7bc6d9..2ba2795fb3 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.xml
@@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ init.3: lea 0x8(%di),%di # Next entry
if multitasking facilities are used or different privilege
levels are defined. Since the <filename>boot2</filename>
client is executed in privilege level 3, but the
- <acronym>BTX</acronym> server does in privilege level 0, a
+ <acronym>BTX</acronym> server runs in privilege level 0, a
<acronym>TSS</acronym> must be defined:</para>
<figure xml:id="btx-tss">
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.xml
index 7de627b5b9..dfde154052 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.xml
@@ -1634,9 +1634,9 @@
routine (or the other way around, the poll routine may be doing
the real action and the interrupt routine would just call the
poll routine). Why bother about a separate function then?
- Due to different calling conventions. The
+ This has to do with different calling conventions. The
<function>xxx_poll</function> routine gets the struct cam_sim
- pointer as its argument when the PCI interrupt routine by common
+ pointer as its argument while the PCI interrupt routine by common
convention gets pointer to the struct
<varname remap="structname">xxx_softc</varname> and the ISA interrupt routine
gets just the device unit number. So the poll routine would
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml
index 568cc8ba35..6a51621e89 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml
@@ -822,16 +822,16 @@ fe80:2::%ep0/64 link#2 UC ep0</screen>
packet processing code in the way BSD IPv4 code is
implemented, kernel stack may overflow due to long function
call chain. sys/netinet6 code is carefully designed to
- avoid kernel stack overflow. Because of this, sys/netinet6
+ avoid kernel stack overflow, so sys/netinet6
code defines its own protocol switch structure, as "struct
ip6protosw" (see
<filename>netinet6/ip6protosw.h</filename>). There is no
such update to IPv4 part (sys/netinet) for compatibility,
but small change is added to its pr_input() prototype. So
- "struct ipprotosw" is also defined. Because of this, if you
+ "struct ipprotosw" is also defined. As a result, if you
receive IPsec-over-IPv4 packet with massive number of IPsec
headers, kernel stack may blow up. IPsec-over-IPv6 is okay.
- (Off-course, for those all IPsec headers to be processed,
+ (Of-course, for those all IPsec headers to be processed,
each such IPsec header must pass each IPsec check. So an
anonymous attacker will not be able to do such an
attack.)</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml
index 8fd50f0d68..793d728368 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ options DIAGNOSTIC</programlisting>
&man.dcons.4; provides similar functionality as a serial
console. It emulates two serial ports, one for the console
and <acronym>DDB</acronym>, the other for
- <acronym>GDB</acronym>. Because remote memory access is fully
+ <acronym>GDB</acronym>. Since remote memory access is fully
handled by the hardware, the &man.dcons.4; buffer is
accessible even when the system crashes.</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml
index 8e00147c82..02b062f20c 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ int main() {
<indexterm><primary>seteuid</primary></indexterm>
<para>There are at least 6 different IDs associated with any
- given process. Because of this you have to be very careful with
+ given process, and you must therefore be very careful with
the access that your process has at any given time. In
particular, all seteuid applications should give up their
privileges as soon as it is no longer required.</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml
index 6173905a07..43b32f9b78 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
computer at speeds approaching the speed of light, it often
travels considerably slower between two computers.</para>
- <para>Because the languages used in data communications are so
+ <para>As the languages used in data communications are so
terse, we usually refer to them as
<emphasis>protocols</emphasis> rather than languages.</para>
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
extract the <emphasis><acronym>PNG</acronym> file</emphasis>
from it.</para>
- <para>Because of the complexity of internetworking, we cannot just
+ <para>Due to the complexity of internetworking, we cannot just
use the <function role="syscall">open</function> system call, or
the <function>open()</function> C function. Instead, we need to
take several steps to <quote>opening</quote> a socket.</para>
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ int main() {
<para>Not all protocols are that simple. Many receive a
request from the client, reply to it, then receive another
- request from the same client. Because of that, they do
+ request from the same client. As a result, they do
not know in advance how long they will be serving the
client. Such servers usually start a new process for each
client. While the new process is serving its client, the
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
index 11ebe38646..5942b54a38 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
@@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen>
(&man.make.1;, &man.system.3;, &man.popen.3;, and
analogues in higher-level scripting languages like Perl
and Tcl) are specified to use the Bourne shell to
- interpret commands. Because the Bourne shell is so often
+ interpret commands. As the Bourne shell is so often
and widely used, it is important for it to be quick to
start, be deterministic in its behavior, and have a small
memory footprint.</para>
@@ -5037,7 +5037,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
- <para>Because a packet is coming from outside the network
+ <para>A packet is coming from outside the network
unexpectedly. To disable them, set
<varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname>
to <literal>0</literal>.</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/manpages/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/manpages/chapter.xml
index b2a78f8dc1..c951cbd85e 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/manpages/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/manpages/chapter.xml
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ information.</programlisting>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-manpages-macro-example-ls-8">
- <para>A final optional argument is defined. Because no name
+ <para>A final optional argument is defined. Since no name
is specified for the argument, the default of
<literal>file ...</literal> is used.</para>
</callout>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/po-translations/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/po-translations/chapter.xml
index e89c3bde73..cc5681e7a5 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/po-translations/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/po-translations/chapter.xml
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ A pgpkeys</screen>
A Makefile</screen>
<para>Check the contents of the
- <filename>Makefile</filename>. Because this is a simple
+ <filename>Makefile</filename>. As this is a simple
article, in this case the <filename>Makefile</filename>
can be used unchanged. The <literal>$&os;...$</literal>
version string on the second line will be replaced by the
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../..
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>Build the translated document. Because the original
+ <para>Build the translated document. As the original
is a book, the generated document is
<filename>book.xml</filename>.</para>
@@ -892,8 +892,8 @@ property 'svn:keywords' set on 'ko_KR.po'</screen>
<step>
<para>Set the <acronym>MIME</acronym> types of the files.
- Because these files use the <acronym>UTF-8</acronym>
- character set, that is also specified. To prevent the
+ These files use the <acronym>UTF-8</acronym>
+ character set, so that is also specified. To prevent the
version control system from mistaking these files for
binary data, the <literal>fbsd:notbinary</literal>
property is also set:</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/xml-primer/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/xml-primer/chapter.xml
index 96d2c60d0a..a91251c25b 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/xml-primer/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/xml-primer/chapter.xml
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
<para>A tag is used to identify where a particular element starts,
and where the element ends. <emphasis>The tag is not part of
- the element itself</emphasis>. Because each grammar was
+ the element itself</emphasis>. As each grammar was
normally written to mark up specific types of information, each
one will recognize different elements, and will therefore have
different names for the tags.</para>
@@ -596,9 +596,9 @@ example.xml:5: element head: validity error : Element head content does not foll
council delegated this to the American National
Standards Institute (<acronym>ANSI</acronym>).</para>
- <para>Because the &os; Project has not been registered,
+ <para>Since the &os; Project has not been registered,
the owner string is <literal>-//&os;</literal>. As seen
- in the example, the <acronym>W3C</acronym> are not a
+ in the example, the <acronym>W3C</acronym> is not a
registered owner either.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
index bc31008871..1be3270b7e 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml
@@ -2867,7 +2867,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free
</step>
<step>
- <para>Use &man.kill.1; to send the signal. Because
+ <para>Use &man.kill.1; to send the signal. As
&man.inetd.8; is owned by
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, use
&man.su.1; to become
@@ -3218,8 +3218,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free
<primary>editors</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>Most &os; configuration is done by editing text files.
- Because of this, it is a good idea to become familiar with a
+ <para>Most &os; configuration is done by editing text files, so
+ it is a good idea to become familiar with a
text editor. &os; comes with a few as part of the base system,
and many more are available in the Ports Collection.</para>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.xml
index aa0c741acb..2eead109e5 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.xml
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ Default: F2</screen>
<title>Stage One and Stage Two</title>
<para>Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the
- same program on the same area of the disk. Because of space
+ same program on the same area of the disk. Due to space
constraints, they have been split into two, but are always
installed together. They are copied from the combined
<filename>/boot/boot</filename> by the &os; installer or
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
index dd0a3d7bc3..f7f24a65f4 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ linuxemu/chapter.xml -->
Network Driver Interface Specification
(<acronym>NDIS</acronym>). It includes &man.ndisgen.8;
which can be used to convert a &windowsxp; driver into a
- format that can be used on &os;. Because the &man.ndis.4;
+ format that can be used on &os;. As the &man.ndis.4;
driver uses a &windowsxp; binary, it only runs on &i386;
and amd64 systems. <acronym>PCI</acronym>, CardBus,
<acronym>PCMCIA</acronym>, and <acronym>USB</acronym>
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ device_probe_and_attach: cbb0 attach returned 12</screen>
referred to as <emphasis>journaling</emphasis>.
Meta-data updates are still written synchronously, but only
into a small region of the disk. Later on, they are moved
- to their proper location. Because the logging area is a
+ to their proper location. Since the logging area is a
small, contiguous region on the disk, there are no long
distances for the disk heads to move, even during heavy
operations, so these operations are quicker than synchronous
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml
index dcb1e12e3c..a682799543 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Done.</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror clear ada8</userinput></screen>
<para>&man.gmirror.8; stores one block of metadata at the end of
- the disk. Because <acronym>GPT</acronym> partition schemes
+ the disk. As <acronym>GPT</acronym> partition schemes
also store metadata at the end of the disk, mirroring entire
<acronym>GPT</acronym> disks with &man.gmirror.8; is not
recommended. <acronym>MBR</acronym> partitioning is used here
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ Done.</screen>
<para>Reboot the system to test the new mirror and verify that
all data has been copied. The <acronym>BIOS</acronym> will
see the mirror as two individual drives rather than a mirror.
- Because the drives are identical, it does not matter which is
+ Since the drives are identical, it does not matter which is
selected to boot.</para>
<para>See <xref linkend="gmirror-troubleshooting"/> if there are
@@ -1431,12 +1431,12 @@ ggate0
<para>A better solution is to use <command>glabel</command> to
label the disk devices and use the labels in
- <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Because
- <command>glabel</command> stores the label in the last sector of
- a given provider, the label will remain persistent across
- reboots. By using this label as a device, the file system may
- always be mounted regardless of what device node it is accessed
- through.</para>
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
+ Since <command>glabel</command> stores the label in the last
+ sector of a given provider, the label will remain persistent
+ across reboots. By using this label as a device, the
+ file-system may always be mounted regardless of what
+ device node it is accessed through.</para>
<note>
<para><command>glabel</command> can create both transient and
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
index 53dc3c06b2..e1ae696ce9 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting>
an <application>&xorg;</application> extension which
allows a program to bypass the
<application>&xorg;</application> server and directly
- alter the framebuffer. Because it relies on a low level
+ alter the framebuffer. As it relies on a low-level
memory mapping, programs using it must be run as
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. The
<acronym>DGA</acronym> extension can be tested and
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
index 4bc3279737..d3b277a978 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ cat changed
The authentication system keeps track of the last one-time
password used, and the user is authenticated if the hash of the
user-provided password is equal to the previous password.
- Because a one-way hash is used, it is impossible to generate
+ Since a one-way hash is used, it is impossible to generate
future one-time passwords if a successfully used password is
captured. The iteration count is decremented after each
successful login to keep the user and the login program in sync.
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ sendmail : PARANOID : deny</programlisting>
<quote>trusted third party</quote> of the system. It is the
computer that issues <application>Kerberos</application>
tickets, which are used for clients to authenticate to
- servers. Because the <acronym>KDC</acronym> is considered
+ servers. As the <acronym>KDC</acronym> is considered
trusted by all other computers in the
<application>Kerberos</application> realm, it has heightened
security concerns. Direct access to the KDC should be
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml
index 9913ad3755..db13e71ef6 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ ttyu5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure</programlisting>
device provides a 16-character buffer, which allows for better
system performance. Bugs in plain 16550 devices prevent the use
of the 16-character buffer, so use 16550A devices if possible.
- Because single-character-buffer devices require more work by the
+ As single-character-buffer devices require more work by the
operating system than the 16-character-buffer devices,
16550A-based serial interface cards are preferred. If the
system has many active serial ports or will have a heavy load,
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ ttyu5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure</programlisting>
<para>The second method is to configure the
<acronym>RS-232</acronym> interface to vary its speed based on
- the remote user's connection speed. Because
+ the remote user's connection speed. As
<command>getty</command> does not understand any particular
modem's connection speed reporting, it gives a
<prompt>login:</prompt> message at an initial speed and
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs/chapter.xml
index c6d89f091a..ef1064a438 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs/chapter.xml
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ errors: No known data errors</screen>
2 TB drive. The usable space is 1 TB. When the
1 TB drive is replaced with another 2 TB drive, the
resilvering process copies the existing data onto the new
- drive. Because
+ drive. As
both of the devices now have 2 TB capacity, the mirror's
available space can be grown to 2 TB.</para>
@@ -4045,7 +4045,7 @@ vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size="5M"</programlisting>
Clones can be <emphasis>promoted</emphasis>, reversing
this dependency and making the clone the parent and the
previous parent the child. This operation requires no
- additional space. Because the amount of space used by
+ additional space. Since the amount of space used by
the parent and child is reversed, existing quotas and
reservations might be affected.</entry>
</row>
@@ -4201,7 +4201,7 @@ vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size="5M"</programlisting>
blocks will be checked byte-for-byte to ensure it is
actually identical. If the data is not identical, the
hash collision will be noted and the two blocks will be
- stored separately. Because <acronym>DDT</acronym> must
+ stored separately. As <acronym>DDT</acronym> must
store the hash of each unique block, it consumes a very
large amount of memory. A general rule of thumb is
5-6 GB of ram per 1 TB of deduplicated data).
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