From nobody Thu Jun 26 17:56:08 2025 X-Original-To: freebsd-questions@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4bSmZr3bR4z5ybJd for ; Thu, 26 Jun 2025 17:56:20 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from johnl@iecc.com) Received: from gal.iecc.com (gal.iecc.com [IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126:0:43:6f73:7461]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "gal.iecc.com", Issuer "Let's Encrypt Authority X3" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4bSmZr2gDBz3gcB for ; Thu, 26 Jun 2025 17:56:20 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from johnl@iecc.com) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none Received: (qmail 53741 invoked from network); 26 Jun 2025 17:56:09 -0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed; d=iecc.com; h=date:message-id:from:to:cc:subject:in-reply-to:references:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:cleverness; s=d1e9685d89b9.k2506; t=1750960559; x=1751306159; bh=IJHFHcDVtNOLtCTwS7Gp2VYP4FX4ePeKxkHZ4fpyr+M=; b=VWfd1BMjPTobZbdbMSr83PiN7oQBdVMVZUJHlfXiDeGSevBizSnWoFTTOIIAthA7s5jwp2xqUlWViPBTF5ApzS3PsYk1ynkXLBPqivGQJWWnmMtUF8jzyXpWQQ2qTKy1WhC6PqzAPh9dk1tdd3GhYZMnTQihbLxDSS3sR+LaJdR4eJitki+bOiplMV57nSSRZfdzMJLhkvCqwon4gB5T9EcrthUjFHRNzDIbteQ0AEczXgSWHtqwFaWh4iZwOCo8pTCSJNwn/jQL2GZlChWrYkcuL2CgtQZ1iKjAOJBiS56nWsMXM2rkwnUKjGvhz9l+JMMS+ROrTxGG0DguCOVJig== Received: from ary.qy ([IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126:0:78:696d:6170]) by imap.iecc.com ([IPv6:2001:470:1f07:1126:0:78:696d:6170]) with ESMTPS (TLS1.3 ECDHE-RSA CHACHA20-POLY1305 AEAD) via TCP6; 26 Jun 2025 17:56:08 -0000 Received: by ary.qy (Postfix, from userid 501) id 85F71D01A2AD; Thu, 26 Jun 2025 13:56:08 -0400 (EDT) Date: 26 Jun 2025 13:56:08 -0400 Message-Id: <20250626175608.85F71D01A2AD@ary.qy> From: "John Levine" To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Cc: des@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: two questions about su(1) In-Reply-To: <8634bmfp8s.fsf@ltc.des.dev> Organization: Taughannock Networks References: <2810770.4sosBPzcNG@localhost> <8634bmfp8s.fsf@ltc.des.dev> X-Headerized: yes Cleverness: minimal List-Id: User questions List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-questions List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4bSmZr2gDBz3gcB X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Rspamd-Pre-Result: action=no action; module=replies; Message is reply to one we originated X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:2001:470::/32, country:US] It appears that Dag-Erling Smørgrav said: >root user's shell”. I suspect you actually meant “switch credentials to >the root user, then run zsh”, which is written `su root -c zsh` (here >the `-c zsh` part is not interpreted by su, but added to the shell's >command line). To pile on here, don't most people now use sudo for this kind of thing? R's, John