From nobody Thu Jul 03 21:20:31 2025 X-Original-To: questions@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4bY8nQ6ZMdz61CnN for ; Thu, 03 Jul 2025 21:20:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Received: from holgerdanske.com (holgerdanske.com [IPv6:2001:470:0:19b::b869:801b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (prime256v1) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "holgerdanske.com", Issuer "R10" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4bY8nP53vlz499C for ; Thu, 03 Jul 2025 21:20:41 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=holgerdanske.com header.s=nov-20210719-112354 header.b=cKCvtqpj; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dpchrist@holgerdanske.com designates 2001:470:0:19b::b869:801b as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dpchrist@holgerdanske.com; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=holgerdanske.com DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=holgerdanske.com; s=nov-20210719-112354; t=1751577632; bh=TZMBgEnhNFXJNKEsl0dp0/+1guq9xNxnaKmOK0y8G+s=; h=Received:Message-ID:Date:MIME-Version:User-Agent:Subject:To: References:Content-Language:From:In-Reply-To:Content-Type: Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=cKCvtqpj9ZfuTT76Q2MwUARNTZnXWcTFfxj9IasqS6zSXS638KOFAtJDrko0eC+/G BpBdTZSLGT9Yxd50PjG65RWNKnrFwHMADo6X+E7NPr8e5It606QfMlNBHEjt/QQJxZ sBp91vKSsz5V0PJGxh3PKhtRegq9fCUGdEIjDwot3CKYpqQb+Y+Q3KbTpOxaCFhvD/ GmjNyypz/1mKj0m6QqisMLqGFjgQsgFrP0z3F+PorgoleqLaUYruGx1mpvgKFWM+d9 OoifwpLZRx8Q7Wv28vgMJQ5Nrwad8oUNsObe6/KK2eCNcqnKFYWXBKuLIXJSPQjpFV /TtR1F/b5wsKg7uZsZJ7laY1Q3judeUVEaF6r24lZG3RcGMFa19cuht4efJWcIkK1C +iU0KKZ1pWUwjIze0O3sC9aqlt3uQ95QoYgRmrA0PD+2PEpO3OJjQv621NflMium75 Tlq/Qe+SaoeHc0+5unjHGyKH/FmbL0mAhqr7+Q42zfoZCNyDaso4b2f3/wWnOECnQG vIXZxQ4w/3O9n/GWbomfcvDfXq0ohtNLlAUcOZO1DPwHKmf/+wsw8rETYZ0ibnB6l1 ZJO76LJKuNIaA/Fn7/cjS/tnhk1EHFot65nYKRNw2d+l3/6qJTRyir/af9AOsgk3nj fcqx2Q6Y2AiQmOIc4pGgvGJQ= Received: from 99.100.19.101 (99-100-19-101.lightspeed.frokca.sbcglobal.net [99.100.19.101]) by holgerdanske.com with ESMTPSA (TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLSv1.3:Kx=any:Au=any:Enc=AESGCM(128):Mac=AEAD) (SMTP-AUTH username dpchrist@holgerdanske.com, mechanism PLAIN) for ; Thu, 3 Jul 2025 14:20:32 -0700 Message-ID: <907d9087-7e92-415b-a01f-ee08d988caa3@holgerdanske.com> Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2025 14:20:31 -0700 List-Id: User questions List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-questions List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: Wiping a disk partition To: questions@freebsd.org References: <911980c8-29dc-46b2-bc47-3badda7bd03c@fjl.co.uk> <7994f04b-4cdb-4c57-b27a-25b60ebc3347@holgerdanske.com> Content-Language: en-US From: David Christensen In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.03 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.98)[-0.978]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.89)[0.890]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.86)[0.860]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[holgerdanske.com,none]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[holgerdanske.com:s=nov-20210719-112354]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; ONCE_RECEIVED(0.20)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCVD_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:2001:470::/32, country:US]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[questions@freebsd.org]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MLMMJ_DEST(0.00)[questions@freebsd.org]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[holgerdanske.com:+] X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4bY8nP53vlz499C X-Spamd-Bar: / On 6/25/25 03:16, Odhiambo Washington wrote: > root@gw:/home/wash # df -h > Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on > /dev/ada0p2 1.8T 552G 1.1T 33% / > devfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /dev > fdescfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /dev/fd > procfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /proc > linprocfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /compat/linux/proc > linsysfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /compat/linux/sys > /dev/ada1p2 1.8T 856G 802G 52% /disk2 On 7/3/25 02:24, Odhiambo Washington wrote: > What I did was: > > umount /disk2 > dd if=/dev/ada0 of=/dev/ada1 bs=1g status=progress If the computer was running in multi-user mode when you cloned ada0 to ada1, the root file system on ada0p2 will have been mounted read-write, any ada0 swap partition will have been active, and it is likely that foreground and/or background processes wrote to ada0 while cloning. The last means the source and the clone are not the same, and the backup is incorrect. If you want to clone ada0 to ada1, then you must boot into single-user mode or boot live media; so that ada0 does not change while cloning. After making the clone, verify by using cmp(1) to do a byte-for-byte comparison of the source and the clone. David