Re: armv7 main's gpart [show]: signal 11 core dump during boot, before login; xo_format_string_direct; official pkgbase distribution (kernel and world)

[Turns out: works on aarch64 kernel's armv7 support, fails
on the armv7 native kernel, exact same world files on the
exact same media.]

On Dec 27, 2025, at 23:35, Mark Millard <marklmi@yahoo.com> wrote:

> On Dec 27, 2025, at 22:03, Mark Millard <marklmi@yahoo.com> wrote:
> 
>> Context:
>> 
>> # uname -apKU
>> FreeBSD OPiP2E-RPi2v1p1 16.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT main-n282732-939ac0c8fde2 GENERIC-NODEBUG arm armv7 1600007 1600007
>> 
>> That is an official pkgbase distribution that I installed, not
>> a personal build. pkgbase for main has world being a debug
>> build, no matter which of the kernels one choses to boot.
>> For pkgbase, 939ac0c8fde2 would be correct(?) for the kernel
>> but might not be exact for the world: /usr/src/sys/ and
>> /usr/src/ (without sys/) are from different times, last I
>> knew anyway. Changes can happen between.
>> 
>> During boot, the time on the Orange Pi Plus 2ed is bad so:
>> 
>> # ls -lodT /gpart.core 
>> -rw-------  1 root wheel nodump 3174400 Jan  1 00:01:01 2010 /gpart.core
>> 
>> Also, for pkgbase, a source file distributed can be newer
>> for its time stamp than the program distributed that was
>> based on the source file. Such happens below.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Core was generated by `gpart show'.
>> Program terminated with signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
>> Address not mapped to object.
>> #0  xo_format_string_direct (xop=xop@entry=0x2009b120, xbp=xbp@entry=0x2009b150, flags=flags@entry=4096, wcp=0x0, cp=0x6e480000 <error: Cannot access memory at address 0x6e480000>, len=-1, max=-1, 
>>   need_enc=3, have_enc=2) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:2715
>> 
>> warning: Source file is more recent than executable.
>> 2715    if (*cp == '\0')
>> (gdb) bt
>> #0  xo_format_string_direct (xop=xop@entry=0x2009b120, xbp=xbp@entry=0x2009b150, flags=flags@entry=4096, wcp=0x0, cp=0x6e480000 <error: Cannot access memory at address 0x6e480000>, len=-1, max=-1, 
>>   need_enc=3, have_enc=2) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:2715
>> #1  0x20150908 in xo_format_string (xop=0x2009b120, xbp=0x2009b150, flags=4096, xfp=0xbfbfd280) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:2982
>> #2  xo_do_format_field (xop=<optimized out>, xop@entry=0x2009b120, xbp=0x2009b150, fmt=fmt@entry=0x20130635 "%s", flen=flen@entry=2, flags=4096) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:3503
>> #3  0x2014c69c in xo_simple_field (xop=0x2009b120, encode_only=0, value=0x0, vlen=0, fmt=0x20130635 "%s", flen=2, flags=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:3817
>> #4  xo_format_value (xop=<optimized out>, xop@entry=0x2009b120, name=<optimized out>, name@entry=0x204bf931 "state}\n", nlen=<optimized out>, nlen@entry=5, value=0x0, vlen=0, fmt=0x20130635 "%s", 
>>   flen=2, encoding=0x0, elen=0, flags=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:4373
>> #5  0x20148710 in xo_do_emit_fields (xop=<optimized out>, xop@entry=0x2009b120, fields=<optimized out>, fields@entry=0xbfbfd7e8, max_fields=max_fields@entry=17, fmt=<optimized out>)
>>   at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6372
>> #6  0x201476a0 in xo_do_emit (xop=xop@entry=0x2009b120, flags=<optimized out>, fmt=fmt@entry=0x204bf8e3 "=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n")
>>   at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6551
>> #7  0x20147840 in xo_emit (fmt=0x204bf8e3 "=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n") at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6622
>> #8  0x204d1fd4 in gpart_show_geom (gp=gp@entry=0x20089168, element=element@entry=0x204bfe51 "type", show_providers=show_providers@entry=0) at /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c:654
>> #9  0x204d1048 in gpart_show (req=0x20089000, fl=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c:793
>> #10 0x000230dc in run_command (argc=0, argv=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c:497
>> #11 0x00022308 in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfbfed90) at /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c:861
>> (gdb) list
>> 2710    for (;;) {
>> 2711 if (len == 0)
>> 2712    break;
>> 2713 
>> 2714 if (cp) {
>> 2715    if (*cp == '\0')
>> 2716 break;
>> 2717    if ((flags & XFF_UNESCAPE) && (*cp == '\\' || *cp == '%')) {
>> 2718 cp += 1;
>> 2719 len -= 1;
>> (gdb) up
>> #1  0x20150908 in xo_format_string (xop=0x2009b120, xbp=0x2009b150, flags=4096, xfp=0xbfbfd280) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:2982
>> 2982    cols = xo_format_string_direct(xop, xbp, flags, wcp, cp, len,
>> (gdb) list
>> 2977 
>> 2978    return rc;
>> 2979 }
>> 2980    }
>> 2981 
>> 2982    cols = xo_format_string_direct(xop, xbp, flags, wcp, cp, len,
>> 2983   xfp->xf_width[XF_WIDTH_MAX],
>> 2984   need_enc, xfp->xf_enc);
>> 2985    if (cols < 0)
>> 2986 goto bail;
>> (gdb) list
>> 3498 
>> 3499 xf.xf_enc = (xf.xf_fc == 'm') ? XF_ENC_UTF8
>> 3500    : (xf.xf_lflag || (xf.xf_fc == 'S')) ? XF_ENC_WIDE
>> 3501    : xf.xf_hflag ? XF_ENC_LOCALE : XF_ENC_UTF8;
>> 3502 
>> 3503 rc = xo_format_string(xop, xbp, flags, &xf);
>> 3504 
>> 3505 if ((flags & XFF_TRIM_WS) && xo_style_is_encoding(xop))
>> 3506    rc = xo_trim_ws(xbp, rc);
>> 3507 
>> (gdb) up
>> #3  0x2014c69c in xo_simple_field (xop=0x2009b120, encode_only=0, value=0x0, vlen=0, fmt=0x20130635 "%s", flen=2, flags=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:3817
>> 3817 xo_do_format_field(xop, NULL, fmt, flen, flags);
>> (gdb) list
>> 3812 {
>> 3813    if (encode_only)
>> 3814 flags |= XFF_NO_OUTPUT;
>> 3815 
>> 3816    if (vlen == 0)
>> 3817 xo_do_format_field(xop, NULL, fmt, flen, flags);
>> 3818    else if (!encode_only)
>> 3819 xo_data_append_content(xop, value, vlen, flags);
>> 3820 }
>> 3821 
>> (gdb) up
>> #4  xo_format_value (xop=<optimized out>, xop@entry=0x2009b120, name=<optimized out>, name@entry=0x204bf931 "state}\n", nlen=<optimized out>, nlen@entry=5, value=0x0, vlen=0, fmt=0x20130635 "%s", 
>>   flen=2, encoding=0x0, elen=0, flags=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:4373
>> 4373 xo_simple_field(xop, FALSE, value, vlen, fmt, flen, flags);
>> (gdb) list
>> 4368 
>> 4369 save.xhs_offset = xbp->xb_curp - xbp->xb_bufp;
>> 4370 save.xhs_columns = xop->xo_columns;
>> 4371 save.xhs_anchor_columns = xop->xo_anchor_columns;
>> 4372 
>> 4373 xo_simple_field(xop, FALSE, value, vlen, fmt, flen, flags);
>> 4374 
>> 4375 if (flags & XFF_HUMANIZE)
>> 4376    xo_format_humanize(xop, xbp, &save, flags);
>> 4377 break;
>> (gdb) up
>> #5  0x20148710 in xo_do_emit_fields (xop=<optimized out>, xop@entry=0x2009b120, fields=<optimized out>, fields@entry=0xbfbfd7e8, max_fields=max_fields@entry=17, fmt=<optimized out>)
>>   at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6372
>> 6372    xo_format_value(xop, content, clen, NULL, 0,
>> (gdb) list
>> 6367 flags &= ~XFF_WS; /* Prevent later handling of this flag */
>> 6368    }
>> 6369 }
>> 6370 
>> 6371 if (ftype == 'V')
>> 6372    xo_format_value(xop, content, clen, NULL, 0,
>> 6373    xfip->xfi_format, xfip->xfi_flen,
>> 6374    xfip->xfi_encoding, xfip->xfi_elen, flags);
>> 6375 else if (ftype == '[')
>> 6376    xo_anchor_start(xop, xfip, content, clen);
>> (gdb) up
>> #6  0x201476a0 in xo_do_emit (xop=xop@entry=0x2009b120, flags=<optimized out>, fmt=fmt@entry=0x204bf8e3 "=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n")
>>   at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6551
>> 6551    return xo_do_emit_fields(xop, fields, max_fields, fmt);
>> (gdb) list
>> 6546    /* Retain the info */
>> 6547    xo_retain_add(fmt, fields, max_fields);
>> 6548 }
>> 6549    }
>> 6550 
>> 6551    return xo_do_emit_fields(xop, fields, max_fields, fmt);
>> 6552 }
>> 6553 
>> 6554 /*
>> 6555 * Rebuild a format string in a gettext-friendly format.  This function
>> (gdb) up
>> #7  0x20147840 in xo_emit (fmt=0x204bf8e3 "=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n") at /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c:6622
>> 6622    rc = xo_do_emit(xop, 0, fmt);
>> (gdb) list
>> 6617 {
>> 6618    xo_handle_t *xop = xo_default(NULL);
>> 6619    ssize_t rc;
>> 6620 
>> 6621    va_start(xop->xo_vap, fmt);
>> 6622    rc = xo_do_emit(xop, 0, fmt);
>> 6623    va_end(xop->xo_vap);
>> 6624    bzero(&xop->xo_vap, sizeof(xop->xo_vap));
>> 6625 
>> 6626    return rc;
>> (gdb) up
>> #8  0x204d1fd4 in gpart_show_geom (gp=gp@entry=0x20089168, element=element@entry=0x204bfe51 "type", show_providers=show_providers@entry=0) at /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c:654
>> warning: Source file is more recent than executable.
>> 654 xo_emit("=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n",
>> (gdb) list
>> 649 }
>> 650 wname = wmax;
>> 651 pp = LIST_FIRST(&gp->lg_consumer)->lg_provider;
>> 652 secsz = pp->lg_sectorsize;
>> 653 xo_open_instance("part");
>> 654 xo_emit("=>{t:start/%*jd}  {t:sectors/%*jd}  {t:name/%*s}  {:scheme}  ({h:size/%ld}){t:state}\n",
>> 655 wblocks, (intmax_t)first, wblocks, (intmax_t)(last - first + 1),
>> 656 wname, gp->lg_name,
>> 657 scheme, pp->lg_mediasize,
>> 658 s ? " [CORRUPT]": "");
>> (gdb) up
>> #9  0x204d1048 in gpart_show (req=0x20089000, fl=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c:793
>> 793 gpart_show_geom(gp, element, show_providers);
>> (gdb) list
>> 788 else
>> 789 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "No such geom: %s.", name);
>> 790 }
>> 791 } else {
>> 792 LIST_FOREACH(gp, &classp->lg_geom, lg_geom) {
>> 793 gpart_show_geom(gp, element, show_providers);
>> 794 }
>> 795 }
>> 796 xo_close_list(name);
>> 797 geom_deletetree(&mesh);
>> (gdb) up
>> #10 0x000230dc in run_command (argc=0, argv=<optimized out>) at /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c:497
>> warning: Source file is more recent than executable.
>> 497 cmd->gc_func(req, flags);
>> (gdb) list
>> 492 buf[0] = '\0';
>> 493 if (cmd->gc_func != NULL) {
>> 494 unsigned flags;
>> 495 
>> 496 flags = set_flags(cmd);
>> 497 cmd->gc_func(req, flags);
>> 498 errstr = req->error;
>> 499 } else {
>> 500 gctl_add_param(req, "output", sizeof(buf), buf,
>> 501    GCTL_PARAM_WR | GCTL_PARAM_ASCII);
>> (gdb) up
>> #11 0x00022308 in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfbfed90) at /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c:861
>> 861 run_command(argc, argv);
>> (gdb) list
>> 856 show_tree();
>> 857 return (0);
>> 858 }
>> 859 
>> 860 get_class(&argc, &argv);
>> 861 run_command(argc, argv);
>> 862 /* NOTREACHED */
>> 863 
>> 864 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>> 865 }
>> 
>> 
>> For reference:
>> 
>> # ls -lodT /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c /sbin/gpart
>> -r-xr-xr-x  17 root wheel -  30720 Dec 18 07:22:59 2025 /sbin/gpart
>> -rw-r--r--   1 root wheel - 211505 Dec 24 08:29:29 2025 /usr/src/contrib/libxo/libxo/libxo.c
>> -rw-r--r--   1 root wheel -  35380 Dec 24 08:29:29 2025 /usr/src/lib/geom/part/geom_part.c
>> -rw-r--r--   1 root wheel -  36298 Dec 24 08:29:29 2025 /usr/src/sbin/geom/core/geom.c
>> 
>> That explains the "warning: Source file is more recent than executable"
>> messages.
> 
> Additional context notes:
> 
> ) On the Cortex-A7 SUT the above is repeatable at the
>   shell prompt when logged in: just try "gpart show",
>   including via gdb use. "/rescue/gpart show" also
>   core dumps.
> 
> ) In a armv7 chroot on a aarch64 system (the Windows
>   Dev Kit 2023), the "gpart show" works just fine.
> 
> But the vintages could well be a little different.
> (Tracing to git commits for pkgbase is problematical.)
> 
> 
> I'll note:
> 
> Johan Söllvander <js_at_FreeBSD.org>
> Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 15:23:29 UTC 
> The branch main has been updated by js:
> 
> URL: https://cgit.FreeBSD.org/src/commit/?id=4f809ffec69cd6ede3e7be9a5bc876b2e5931028
> 
> commit 4f809ffec69cd6ede3e7be9a5bc876b2e5931028
> Author: Johan Söllvander <js@FreeBSD.org>
> AuthorDate: 2025-12-18 15:06:09 +0000
> Commit: Johan Söllvander <js@FreeBSD.org>
> CommitDate: 2025-12-18 15:22:59 +0000
> 
> gpart: add libxo support for "show" subcommand + man page updates
> 
> Added libxo support to `gpart show`, also updated the man
> pages for geom and gpart to show where you can expect
> libxo formatted output.
> 
> PR: 290629
> MFC after: 1 week
> Sponsored by: ConnectWise
> Reviewed by: asomers, mckusick, phil
> Approved by: asomers (mentor)
> Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D53950
> ---
> . . .
> 
> 
> Note: Dec 18 07:22:59 2025 /sbin/gpart for my time zone
> would be 2025-12-18 15:22:59 +0000 (the CommitDate) UTC.


I shut down the OPi+2e and mounted the boot media
on the Windows Dev Kit 2023 and then did a chroot
into that boot media and tried "gpart show":

"gpart show" worked just fine.

What matters is which kernel it runs on for the
exact same world files on the exact same media.


===
Mark Millard
marklmi at yahoo.com