svn commit: r209249 - head/share/man/man7

Thu Jun 17 12:05:47 UTC 2010

Author: gabor
Date: Thu Jun 17 12:05:47 2010
New Revision: 209249
URL: http://svn.freebsd.org/changeset/base/209249

Log:
  - Add c99(7) manual page
  - Add MLINKS to c.7, c79.7, c89.7, c90.7

Added:
  head/share/man/man7/c99.7   (contents, props changed)
Modified:
  head/share/man/man7/Makefile

Modified: head/share/man/man7/Makefile
==============================================================================

--- head/share/man/man7/Makefile	Thu Jun 17 11:54:49 2010	(r209248)
+++ head/share/man/man7/Makefile	Thu Jun 17 12:05:47 2010	(r209249)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ MAN=	adding_user.7 \
 	bsd.snmpmod.mk.7 \
 	build.7 \
 	clocks.7 \
+	c99.7 \
 	development.7 \
 	environ.7 \
 	ffs.7 \
@@ -27,5 +28,9 @@ MAN=	adding_user.7 \
 
 MLINKS=	intro.7 miscellaneous.7
 MLINKS+= security.7 securelevel.7
+MLINKS+= c99.7 c.7
+MLINKS+= c99.7 c79.7
+MLINKS+= c99.7 c89.7
+MLINKS+= c99.7 c90.7
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>

Added: head/share/man/man7/c99.7
==============================================================================
--- /dev/null	00:00:00 1970	(empty, because file is newly added)
+++ head/share/man/man7/c99.7	Thu Jun 17 12:05:47 2010	(r209249)
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+.\" Copyright (C) 2007, 2010 Gabor Kovesdan. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.Dd June 17, 2010
+.Dt C 7
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm c, c78, c89, c90, c99
+.Nd The C programming language
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+C is a general purpose programming language, which has a strong connection
+with the UNIX operating system and its derivatives, since the vast
+majority of those systems were written in the C language.
+The C language contains some basic ideas from the BCPL language through
+the B language written by Ken Thompson in 1970 for the DEC PDP-7 machines.
+The development of the UNIX operating system was started on a PDP-7
+machine in assembly language, but it made very difficult to port the existing
+code to other systems.
+.Pp
+In 1972 Dennis M. Ritchie worked out the C programming language for
+further development of the UNIX operating system.
+The idea was to implement only the C compiler for different
+platforms, and implement most part of the operating system
+in the new programming language to simplify the portability between
+different architectures.
+It follows that C is very eligible for (but not limited to) writing
+operating systems and low-level applications.
+.Pp
+The C language did not have a specification or standardized version for
+a long time.
+It went through a lot of changes and improvements for ages.
+In 1978, Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie published the
+first book about C under the title "The C Programming Language".
+We can think of this book as the first specification of the language.
+This version is often referred as K&R C after the names of the authors.
+Sometimes it is referred as C78, as well, after the publishing year of
+the first edition of the book.
+.Pp
+It is important to notice, that the instruction set of the language is
+limited to the most fundamental elements for simplicity.
+Handling of the standard I/O and such common functions are implemented in
+the libraries shipped with the compiler.
+As these functions are also widely used, it was demanded to include into
+the description what requisites the library should conform to, not just
+strictly the language itself.
+Accordingly, the aforementioned standards cover the library elements, as well.
+The elements of this standard library is still not enough for more
+complicated tasks.
+In this case the provided system calls of the given operating system can be
+used.
+To not loose the portability by using these system calls, the POSIX
+(Portable Operating System Interface) standard evolved.
+It describes what functions should be available to keep portability.
+Note, that POSIX is not a C standard, but an operating system standard
+and thus is beyond the scope of this manual.
+The standards discussed below are all C standards and only cover
+the C programming language and the accompanying library.
+.Pp
+After the publication of the book mentioned before,
+the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) started to work on
+standardizing the language, and they announced ANSI X3.159-1989
+in 1989.
+It is usually referred as ANSI C or C89.
+The main difference in this standard were the function prototypes,
+which is a new way of declaring functions.
+With the old-style function declarations, the compiler was unable to
+check the sanity of the actual parameters at a function call.
+The old syntax was highly error-prone because incompatible parameters
+were hard to detect in the program code and the problem only showed up
+at run-time.
+.Pp
+In 1990, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted
+the ANSI standard as ISO/IEC 9899:1990 in 1990.
+This is also referred as ISO C or C90.
+It only contains negligible minor modifications against ANSI C,
+so the two standards often considered to be fully equivalent.
+This was a very important milestone in the history of the C language, but the
+development of the language did not stop.
+.Pp
+The ISO C standard was later extended with an amendment as
+ISO/IEC 9899 AM1 in 1995.
+This contained, for example, the wide-character support in wchar.h and
+wctype.h.
+Two corregenda were also published: Technical Corrigendum 1 as
+ISO/IEC 9899 TCOR1 in 1995 and Technical Corrigendum 2 as ISO/IEC 9899 TCOR1
+in 1996.
+The continuous development and growth made it necessary to work out a new
+standard, which contains the new features and fixes the known defects and
+deficiencies of the language.
+As a result, ISO/IEC 9899:1999 was born in 1999.
+Similarly to the other standards, this is referred after the
+publication year as C99.
+The improvements include the following:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
+Inline functions
+.It
+Support for variable length arrays
+.It
+New high-precision integer type named long long int, and other integer types
+defined in stdint.h
+.It
+New boolen data type implemented in stdbool.h
+.It
+One line comments taken from the C++ language
+.It
+Some new preprocessor features
+.It
+New variables can be declared anywhere, not just in the beginning of the
+program or program blocks
+.It
+No implicit int type
+.El
+.Pp
+Since then new standards have not been published, but the C language is still
+evolving.
+New and useful features have been showed up in the most famous
+C compiler: GNU C.
+Most of the UNIX-like operating systems use GNU C as a system compiler,
+but those addition in GNU C should not be considered as
+standard features.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr cc 1 ,
+.Xr c89 1 ,
+.Xr c99 1
+.Sh STANDARDS
+.Rs
+.%A ANSI
+.%T X3.159-1989
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A ISO/IEC
+.%T 9899:1990, Programming languages -- C
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A ISO/IEC
+.%T 9899 AM1
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A ISO/IEC
+.%T 9899 TCOR1, Programming languages -- C, Technical Corrigendum 1
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A ISO/IEC
+.%T 9899 TCOR2, Programming languages -- C, Technical Corrigendum 2
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A ISO/IEC
+.%T 9899:1999, Programming languages -- C
+.Re
+.Sh HISTORY
+This manual page first appeared in
+.Fx 9.0 .
+.Sh AUTHORS
+This manual page was originally written by
+.An Gabor Kovesdan Aq gabor at FreeBSD.org .
