svn commit: r43493 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R
Glen Barber
gjb at FreeBSD.org
Tue Jan 14 01:04:44 UTC 2014
Author: gjb
Date: Tue Jan 14 01:04:43 2014
New Revision: 43493
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43493
Log:
Regen after r260616.
Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html Tue Jan 14 00:26:19 2014 (r43492)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html Tue Jan 14 01:04:43 2014 (r43493)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc at FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp6
0654928"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc at FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp6
0650832"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation
+ Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>IBM, AIX, OS/2,
PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are
trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the
@@ -17,66 +18,63 @@
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">™</span>”</span> or the
- <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">®</span>”</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary
- of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the
- 10.0-STABLE development line.
- This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
- the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
- kernel and userland.
- Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
- 10.0-RELEASE. It
- describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD.
- It also provides some notes on upgrading
- from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p><p>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
- available online at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>.</p><p>The snapshot distribution to which these release notes
- apply represents a point along the 10.0-STABLE development
- branch between 10.0-CURRENT and the future 10.1-RELEASE.
- Information regarding
- pre-built, binary snapshot distributions along this branch
- can be found at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code>.</p><p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
+ <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">®</span>”</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain
+ a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the
+ 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists
+ applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
+ release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and
+ userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
+ presented.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
+ 10.0-RELEASE. It describes recently added, changed, or
+ deleted features of FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on
+ upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p><p>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
+ available online at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>.</p><p>The snapshot distribution to
+ which these release notes apply represents a point along the
+ 10.0-STABLE development branch between 10.0-CURRENT and the
+ future 10.1-RELEASE. Information regarding pre-built, binary
+ snapshot distributions along this branch can be found at
+ <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code>.</p><p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated with
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>”</span> information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD
- 10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p>This section describes
- the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD
- since 10.0-CURRENT.
- In general, changes described here are unique to the 10.0-STABLE
- branch unless specifically marked as MERGED features.
- </p><p>Typical release note items
- document recent security advisories issued after
- 10.0-CURRENT,
- new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
- major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
- list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
- practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
- change made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses
- primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
- architectural improvements.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p>No security advisories.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>The use of unmapped VMIO buffers eliminates the need to perform
- TLB shootdown for mapping on buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the
- amount of IPIs for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
- of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</p><p>The maximum amount of memory the FreeBSD kernel
- can address has been increased from 1TB to 4TB.</p><p>A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added
- for thread to CPU binding and CPU resource grouping and
- assignment. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added
- to allow manipulation of processor sets.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an output capture
- facility. Input and output from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can now be captured
- to a memory buffer for later inspection using <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or
- a textdump. The new <code class="command">capture</code> command controls
- this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple scripting
- facility, which supports a set of named scripts consisting of a
- set of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can be managed from
- within <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a>
- utility. More details can be found in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual
- page.</p><p class="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format of kernel
- dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information via
- mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather than a
- simple memory dump. This facility can be used to generate brief
- kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging information, but
- are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or precisely
- synchronized source code. More information can be found in the
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
+ 10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
+ features in FreeBSD since 10.0-CURRENT. In general, changes
+ described here are unique to the 10.0-STABLE branch unless
+ specifically marked as MERGED features.</p><p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories
+ issued after 10.0-CURRENT, new drivers or hardware support, new
+ commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software
+ upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
+ release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot
+ list every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
+ document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible
+ changes, and major architectural improvements.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p>No security advisories.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>The use of unmapped VMIO buffers
+ eliminates the need to perform TLB shootdown for mapping on
+ buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the amount of IPIs
+ for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
+ of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</p><p>The maximum amount of memory
+ the FreeBSD kernel can address has been increased from 1TB to
+ 4TB.</p><p>A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added for thread to CPU
+ binding and CPU resource grouping and assignment. The
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added to allow
+ manipulation of processor sets.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an
+ output capture facility. Input and output from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can
+ now be captured to a memory buffer for later inspection using
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or a textdump. The new
+ <code class="command">capture</code> command controls this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple
+ scripting facility, which supports a set of named scripts
+ consisting of a set of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can
+ be managed from within <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> utility. More details can be found in the
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p class="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format
+ of kernel dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information
+ via mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather
+ than a simple memory dump. This facility can be used to
+ generate brief kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging
+ information, but are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or
+ precisely synchronized source code. More information can be
+ found in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful
in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the
KSE library was never developed to its full potential.
@@ -93,58 +91,68 @@
in <code class="filename">GENERIC</code> kernels.</p><p>Support was added for
the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number
generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs,
- accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p>The BSD Hypervisor, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included
- with FreeBSD. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT)
- support. These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond
- (e.g. Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the
- name for the paravirtualization interface developed for the Linux KVM, but
- since adopted to other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception of Xen).
- This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room implementation of the virtio kernel drivers
- for disk IO (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>),
- memory ballooning (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>), and PCI.
- Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>.</p><p>Paravirtualized drivers which
- support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and made
- part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these drivers are not part of
- GENERIC, so the following lines must be added to
- <code class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load these drivers:
- </p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
+ accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p>The BSD Hypervisor,
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included with FreeBSD. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires
+ Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) support.
+ These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond (e.g.
+ Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added.
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the name for the paravirtualization
+ interface developed for the Linux KVM, but since adopted to
+ other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception
+ of Xen). This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room
+ implementation of the virtio kernel drivers for disk IO
+ (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO
+ (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), memory ballooning (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>),
+ and PCI. Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>.</p><p>Paravirtualized
+ drivers which support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and
+ made part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these
+ drivers are not part of GENERIC, so the following lines must
+ be added to <code class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load
+ these drivers:</p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
hv_netsvc_load="YES"
hv_utils_load="YES"
-hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the i386
- kernel by adding <code class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the kernel config, and then
- recompiling the kernel. Please refer to
- <a class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a>
- for full instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under FreeBSD.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
- OpenBSD.</p><p>Xen PVHVM virtualization is now
- part of the GENERIC kernel.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p>Raspberry PI support has been added.
- Refer to these <a class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup instructions</a>
- and this <a class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick start
- guide</a>.</p><p>The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM EABI. This brings a number of
- improvements and allows future support for VFP and Thumb-2.</p><p>ARM support has been greatly improved, including support
- for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local storage (TLS).
- Additionally support for some newer SoC like the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added.
- See the <a class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
- for further details.</p><p>Superpages support on ARM has been added. Superpages support
- provides improved performance and scalability by allowing TLB
- translations to dynamically cover large physical memory regions.
- All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based platforms can take advantage of this feature.
- See the <a class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM Superpages status</a>
- page for further details.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The BTX kernel used by the boot
- loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
+hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p>Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the
+ i386 kernel by adding <code class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the
+ kernel config, and then recompiling the kernel. Please refer
+ to <a class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD
+ and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a> for full
+ instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under
+ FreeBSD.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
+ OpenBSD.</p><p>Xen PVHVM
+ virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p>Raspberry PI support has been added.
+ Refer to these <a class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup
+ instructions</a> and this <a class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick
+ start guide</a>.</p><p>The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM
+ EABI. This brings a number of improvements and allows future
+ support for VFP and Thumb-2.</p><p>ARM support has been greatly improved,
+ including support for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local
+ storage (TLS). Additionally support for some newer SoC like
+ the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <a class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
+ for further details.</p><p>Superpages support on ARM has been
+ added. Superpages support provides improved performance and
+ scalability by allowing TLB translations to dynamically cover
+ large physical memory regions. All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based
+ platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <a class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM
+ Superpages status</a> page for further details.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The BTX kernel used by the
+ boot loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
mode. This change makes it possible to boot FreeBSD from USB
- devices.</p><p class="merged">A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot loader has
- been added to support booting from a GPT labeled disk. A
- new <code class="command">boot</code> command has been added to
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
- required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
- partition if required.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey CardMan 4040
- PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak keyboard layout.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Silicon
- Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, has been
- imported from OpenBSD.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p>Support for version 2.0 of the USB Audio reference design
- has been added. New devices should support higher bandwidth,
- increased sampling frequency and wider dynamic range.</p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
- for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers
+ devices.</p><p class="merged">A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot
+ loader has been added to support booting from a GPT labeled
+ disk. A new <code class="command">boot</code> command has been added to
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
+ required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
+ partition if required.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey
+ CardMan 4040 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak
+ keyboard layout.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for
+ Silicon Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters,
+ has been imported from OpenBSD.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p>Support for version 2.0 of the USB
+ Audio reference design has been added. New devices should
+ support higher bandwidth, increased sampling frequency and
+ wider dynamic range.</p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
+ for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet
+ controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers
with some common parts. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver will continue
to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
client/desktop adapters. A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=igb&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">igb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
@@ -160,114 +168,131 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternativ
support.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
architectures.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
- been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to support
- 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_cxgbe&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">if_cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added. This is an
- experimental iWARP/RDMA driver
- (kernel verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</p><p>The Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) and
- OFED Infiniband core has been
- updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version 3.7</p><p>The Mellanox Infiniband driver has been updated to firmware
- version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3 NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
- each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40 GB/s. Support has been added
- for dynamically loading kernel modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and
- IP over Infiniband (ipoib).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for
- high-performance direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high PPS
- rates to userland applications while bypassing any kernel-side packet processing.
- With <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network interface with
- minimal packet sizes. For more information, see:
- <a class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap Project</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make addresses
- more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such as
- quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
- address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
- interfaces to allocate multicast memberships.
- Configuration of the CARP protocol via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well as the format
- of CARP events submitted to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a>
- for more information. The arpbalance feature of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently
- not supported anymore.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports fine-grain locking
- and better utilization on multi-CPU machines, resulting in
- significant improvements in performance.</p><p>Support for up to 65536 routing tables has been
- introduced.</p><p>Support for setting/matching differentiated services
- codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has been added to
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes larger than
- 2TB in size.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for
- disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
- have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
- until the next request. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now
- supports a <code class="command">spindown</code> command to configure
- this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to version 1.2
- from Highpoint.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides NVM Express support.
- NVM Express is an optimized register interface, command set and feature set of
- PCI Express (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
- see <a class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p>A new kernel-based iSCSI target and initiator has been
- added.</p><p>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while
- mounted read-write. This is especially useful for virtual
- machines, allowing the addition of more harddrive space without
- interruption of service.</p><p>A state of the art FUSE implementation is now part of the
- base system. It allows the use of nearly all fusefs file
- systems.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
- ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single configuration menu
- that allows you to select all of the required details, including
- which drives to use, what ZFS RAID level to use (taking into consideration
- the selected number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K sectors,
- pool name, etc.</p><p>TRIM support has been added for
- ZFS.</p><p>Support for the high-performance LZ4 compression algorithm
- has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually faster and can achieve a
- higher compression ratio than LZJB, the default compression
- algorithm.</p><p>Support for L2ARC compression has been added to ZFS.</p><p>The zio nop-write improvement from Illumos
- was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write skips overwriting
- data if the (cryptographically secure) checksum of new data
- matches the checksum of existing data. It also saves space if
- snapshots are in use. This improvement only works on
- datasets with enabled compression, disabled deduplication and
- sha256 checksums. ZFS will now compare the checksums of incoming writes to
- the checksum of the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any
- write I/O for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O
- as well as space usage because if the old block is referenced
- by a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
- both contain the same data.</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>On platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
+ been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+ updated to support 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's
+ Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_cxgbe&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">if_cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+ added. This is an experimental iWARP/RDMA driver (kernel
+ verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</p><p>The Open Fabrics Enterprise
+ Distribution (OFED) and OFED Infiniband core has been
+ updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version
+ 3.7</p><p>The Mellanox Infiniband driver has
+ been updated to firmware version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3
+ NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
+ each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40
+ GB/s. Support has been added for dynamically loading kernel
+ modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and IP over Infiniband
+ (ipoib).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added.
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for high-performance
+ direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high
+ PPS rates to userland applications while bypassing any
+ kernel-side packet processing. With <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is
+ trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network
+ interface with minimal packet sizes. For more information,
+ see: <a class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap
+ Project</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make
+ addresses more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such
+ as quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
+ address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
+ interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. Configuration
+ of the CARP protocol via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well
+ as the format of CARP events submitted to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> for more information. The arpbalance feature of
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently not supported anymore.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports
+ fine-grain locking and better utilization on multi-CPU
+ machines, resulting in significant improvements in
+ performance.</p><p>Support for up to 65536 routing tables
+ has been introduced.</p><p>Support for setting/matching
+ differentiated services codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has
+ been added to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes
+ larger than 2TB in size.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for
+ disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
+ have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
+ until the next request. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now
+ supports a <code class="command">spindown</code> command to configure
+ this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to
+ version 1.2 from Highpoint.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides
+ NVM Express support. NVM Express is an optimized register
+ interface, command set and feature set of PCI Express
+ (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
+ see <a class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p>A new kernel-based iSCSI target and
+ initiator has been added.</p><p>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while mounted read-write. This is especially
+ useful for virtual machines, allowing the addition of more
+ harddrive space without interruption of service.</p><p>A state of the art FUSE implementation
+ is now part of the base system. It allows the use of nearly
+ all fusefs file systems.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
+ ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single
+ configuration menu that allows you to select all of the
+ required details, including which drives to use, what ZFS
+ RAID level to use (taking into consideration the selected
+ number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K
+ sectors, pool name, etc.</p><p>TRIM support has been added for
+ ZFS.</p><p>Support for the high-performance LZ4
+ compression algorithm has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually
+ faster and can achieve a higher compression ratio than LZJB,
+ the default compression algorithm.</p><p>Support for L2ARC compression has been
+ added to ZFS.</p><p>The zio nop-write improvement from
+ Illumos was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write
+ skips overwriting data if the (cryptographically secure)
+ checksum of new data matches the checksum of existing data.
+ It also saves space if snapshots are in use. This
+ improvement only works on datasets with enabled compression,
+ disabled deduplication and sha256 checksums. ZFS will now
+ compare the checksums of incoming writes to the checksum of
+ the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any write I/O
+ for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O as well
+ as space usage because if the old block is referenced by
+ a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
+ both contain the same data.</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>On platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
longer built by default. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on
these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a>
- is not the default system compiler.
- </p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
- version 3.3 release. Please refer to
- <a class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
- Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>.</p><p class="merged">BIND has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a> for
- local DNS resolution in the base system. With this change, nslookup
- and dig are no longer a part of the base system. Users should
- instead use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively,
- nslookup and dig can be obtained by installing the
- dns/bind-tools port.</p><p>sysinstall has been removed from the base system.
- Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such as libdisk, libftpio,
- and sade have also been removed. sysinstall has been replaced by
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added. This tool
- makes a best effort to determine the version and patch level of
- the installed kernel and userland.</p><p>GNU patch has been removed from the base system, and replaced
- by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a> program.</p><p>GNU sort has been removed from the base system, and replaced
- by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a> program.</p><p>Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
- from <a class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible island</a>.
- This brings bison compatibilities to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full
- backwards compatibility with previous version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex 2.5.37.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
- <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Portable</span>”</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from NetBSD.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
+ is not the default system compiler.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
+ version 3.3 release. Please refer to <a class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
+ Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>.</p><p class="merged">BIND has been replaced by
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a> for local DNS resolution in the base system.
+ With this change, nslookup and dig are no longer a part of the
+ base system. Users should instead use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by
+ installing the dns/bind-tools port.</p><p>sysinstall has been removed from the base
+ system. Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such
+ as libdisk, libftpio, and sade have also been removed.
+ sysinstall has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added.
+ This tool makes a best effort to determine the version and patch
+ level of the installed kernel and userland.</p><p>GNU patch has been removed from the base
+ system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a>
+ program.</p><p>GNU sort has been removed from the base
+ system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a>
+ program.</p><p>Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
+ from <a class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible
+ island</a>. This brings bison compatibilities to
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full backwards compatibility with
+ previous version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex
+ 2.5.37.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
+ <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Portable</span>”</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from
+ NetBSD.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>,
- based on <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU
- Binutils versions of these utilities.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
- replaced their GNU counterparts.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-v</code> flag for
- verbose output and a <code class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors
- with the same semantics as (for example)
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p>For compatibility with other implementations, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ based on <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU Binutils
+ versions of these utilities.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
+ replaced their GNU counterparts.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports
+ a <code class="option">-v</code> flag for verbose output and
+ a <code class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors with the same
+ semantics as (for example) <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p>For compatibility with other implementations, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to
specifying the <code class="option">-RrP</code> flags.</p><p>BSD-licensed version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio.
- Note that the GNU cpio is still installed as
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the
+ GNU cpio is still installed as
<code class="filename">gcpio</code>.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code class="option">-u
- <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>
- which will completely unset the given variable
- <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by removing it from the environment,
- instead of just setting it to a null value.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been added.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP 1.1
- If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code> which will completely
+ unset the given variable <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by
+ removing it from the environment, instead of just setting it to
+ a null value.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been
+ added.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP
+ 1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports <code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>
which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
is newer than <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number
@@ -284,10 +309,10 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternativ
It returned a non-zero value before this change.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">procstat</span>(1)</span></a> utility has been added to display
detailed information about processes.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
- accepts multiple paths on its command line.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will now
- refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
- has filename completion and defaults to the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">emacs</span>”</span> editing
- mode.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-n</code>
+ accepts multiple paths on its command line.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will
+ now refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
+ has filename completion and defaults to the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">emacs</span>”</span>
+ editing mode.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-n</code>
flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-Z</code>
flag to enable <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style
compression/decompression.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a
@@ -299,8 +324,8 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternativ
return the process group ID for the session leader for the
controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(POSIX).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-P</code> flag to
- provide per-CPU usage statistics.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit architectures.
- </p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
+ provide per-CPU usage statistics.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit
+ architectures.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
number for each hop with the new <code class="option">-a</code> switch; a
new <code class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular
WHOIS server.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-U</code> flag
@@ -317,43 +342,51 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternativ
shutdown script</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p>Reason</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
<code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p>Removed with
<span class="application">BIND</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
- <code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to 3.4.0.
- See <a class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this link</a>
- for more details.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">AMD</span> has been updated from 6.0.10
- to 6.1.5.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">awk</span> has been updated from the 1 May
- 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">bzip2</span> has been updated from 1.0.4
- to 1.0.5.</p><p><span class="application">CVS</span> has been removed from the
- base system, but is still available from Ports Collection.</p><p>Subversion has been imported into the base system and
- is installed as <span class="application">svnlite</span>. <span class="application">svnlite</span>
- should only be used for checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not
- replace the full Subversion port.</p><p><span class="application">file</span> has been updated to 5.11.</p><p><span class="application">hostapd</span> has been
- updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</p><p><span class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to 5.1.2.</p><p><span class="application">less</span> has been updated to
- v458.</p><p><span class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated
- to 5.7-20081102.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been updated
- to 6.4.</p><p><span class="application">OpenPAM</span> has been updated to
- the Micrampelis release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">sendmail</span> has been updated from
- 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</p><p class="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
+ <code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to
+ 3.4.0. See <a class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this
+ link</a> for more details.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">AMD</span> has been
+ updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">awk</span> has been
+ updated from the 1 May
+ 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">bzip2</span> has been
+ updated from 1.0.4 to 1.0.5.</p><p><span class="application">CVS</span> has been
+ removed from the base system, but is still available from Ports
+ Collection.</p><p>Subversion has been imported into the base
+ system and is installed as <span class="application">svnlite</span>.
+ <span class="application">svnlite</span> should only be used for
+ checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not
+ replace the full Subversion port.</p><p><span class="application">file</span> has been
+ updated to 5.11.</p><p><span class="application">hostapd</span> has
+ been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</p><p><span class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to
+ 5.1.2.</p><p><span class="application">less</span> has been
+ updated to v458.</p><p><span class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated to
+ 5.7-20081102.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been
+ updated to 6.4.</p><p><span class="application">OpenPAM</span> has
+ been updated to the Micrampelis release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">sendmail</span> has been
+ updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</p><p class="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
the <span class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to
- the <span class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release.</p><p>The stdtime part of libc, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a>
- have been updated from the <span class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
+ the <span class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release.</p><p>The stdtime part of libc, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> have
+ been updated from the <span class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
release to the <span class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release.
- If you have upgraded from source or via the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>,
- then please run <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to install a new <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>.
- </p><p><span class="application">WPA Supplicant</span> has been
- updated to 2.0.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">xz</span> has been updated
- from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated to 2.1.2.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character locales.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p>The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete, pkg_info,
- pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been removed.
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary packages. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a>
- is the next generation FreeBSD package manager, also referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">pkgng</span>”</span>.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p class="merged">The supported version of
+ If you have upgraded from source or via the
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, then please run <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to
+ install a new <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>.</p><p><span class="application">WPA Supplicant</span>
+ has been updated to 2.0.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">xz</span> has been updated
+ from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated
+ to 2.1.2.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character
+ locales.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p>The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete,
+ pkg_info, pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been
+ removed. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary
+ packages. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> is the next generation FreeBSD package
+ manager, also referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">pkgng</span>”</span>.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p class="merged">The supported version of
the <span class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment
(<span class="package">x11/gnome2</span>) has been
- updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE,
- binary upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the
- various security branches) are supported using the
- <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility. The binary upgrade procedure will
- update unmodified userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or
- SMP kernels distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release.
- The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
+ updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, binary
+ upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various
+ security branches) are supported using the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>
+ utility. The binary upgrade procedure will update unmodified
+ userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels
+ distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release. The
+ <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
upgraded have Internet connectivity.</p><p>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD
base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in
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