High system in %system load .

Igor Lyapin igor.lyapin at gmail.com
Wed Nov 19 01:04:12 PST 2008


I have only one CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz
(2400.10-MHz K8-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x6fb  Stepping = 11
  Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,

This is from systat -v  and this behavior is not the same as yours, CSW
during problems could be from normal 8k -11k CSW some time rise to 57k for a
1-2 sec but system load ~30% in system and 10-20 process in block state
process.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    3 users    Load  1.45  1.95  1.77                  Nov 19 11:58

Mem:KB    REAL            VIRTUAL                       VN PAGER   SWAP
PAGER
        Tot   Share      Tot    Share    Free           in   out     in
out
Act 1363876   17076  4175592    31032  273076  count
All 1412996   20628  8683036    74448          pages
Proc:                                                            Interrupts
  r   p   d   s   w   Csw  Trp  Sys  Int  Sof  Flt     44 cow    9096 total
  1      19 251       14k  13k  29k 1100  272  12k  12707 zfod        ata0
irq14
                                                          ozfod   210
atapci1 19
29.5%Sys   0.6%Intr  5.1%User  0.0%Nice 64.8%Idle        %ozfod  2012 cpu0:
time
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |       daefr   890 bge0
256
===============>>>                                    353 prcfr  2012 cpu1:
time
                                       162 dtbuf    12807 totfr  1986 cpu3:
time
Namei     Name-cache   Dir-cache    100000 desvn          react  1986 cpu2:
time
   Calls    hits   %    hits   %     80638 numvn          pdwak
   99564   99060  99     308   0     25001 frevn          pdpgs
                                                          intrn
Disks   ad4   ad6  ad10   ar0                      505820 wire
KB/t   0.00  0.00  0.00 12.46                     1359456 act
tps       0     0     0    53                     1880952 inact
MB/s   0.00  0.00  0.00  0.65                      115104 cache
%busy     0     0     0     7                      157972 free

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 11:42 AM, Tomas Randa <randa at blueboard.cz> wrote:

> I think that ULE from 7.0 is not good enough...
> My problem was at 2x quad xeon (total 8 CPUS), where sometime system load
> increased to number 100-150 (normal was 1-4). When I look at systat -v,
> there was many CSW (about 300k, instead od 10k at normal).
> I tried many things -
>
> move from i386 to amd64 - same behaviour
> upgrade from 7.0 to 7.1BETA1 - better behaviour, but another problems..
> when I switched from ULE to 4BSD, situation get worse.
> So I tried remove one CPU and it helps!...
> My opinion is, that FeeBSD scheduler in some situations (apache/php) do
> some cycle, which rapidly increase CSW.
>
> Try to look at CSW, when your problem occurs and write me a message
>
> Regards
>
> Tomáš Randa, Hosting Blueboard.cz
> ----------------------------------
> Jabber: ares at jabber.cz
> ICQ: 100956181
> Tel: +420 245 008 678
> GSM: +420 775 086 575
>
>
>
>
>
> Igor Lyapin wrote:
>
>> On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 2:17 AM, Tomas Randa - Hosting Blueboard CZ <
>> tomas at blueboard.cz> wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> I have similar problem... what HW are you using? Some quad core xeon? One
>>> or two CPUS?
>>> I think it is scheduler based problem. Try to look at systat -v and watch
>>> CSW value at normal state and then if problem occurs..
>>>
>>>
>>
>>  Context switches do not rise and in problem and normal state is about
>> 8000-
>> 12000
>>
>>
>>
>>> Are you using 4BSD, aren`t you? Did you try ULE?
>>>
>>>
>>
>> I try ULE and 4BSD problem steel exists.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>> Send dmesg...
>>>
>>>
>>
>>  #dmesg
>> All buffers synced.
>> Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project.
>> Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
>>       The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
>> FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
>> FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE-p5 #0: Mon Nov 10 19:49:07 MSK 2008
>>   root at i.x00.net:/usr/obj/usr/
>>
>>
>>> src/sys/KERNEL-4BSD
>>> Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
>>> CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz (2400.10-MHz
>>> K8-class
>>> CPU)
>>>  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x6fb  Stepping = 11
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
>>>  Features2=0xe3bd<SSE3,RSVD2,MON,DS_CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM>
>>>  AMD Features=0x20100800<SYSCALL,NX,LM>
>>>  AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>
>>>  Cores per package: 4
>>> usable memory = 4283449344 (4085 MB)
>>> avail memory  = 4134977536 (3943 MB)
>>> ACPI APIC Table: <022108 APIC2247>
>>> FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 4 CPUs
>>>  cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
>>>  cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
>>>  cpu2 (AP): APIC ID:  2
>>>  cpu3 (AP): APIC ID:  3
>>> ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
>>> kbd1 at kbdmux0
>>> hptrr: HPT RocketRAID controller driver v1.1 (Nov 10 2008 19:48:39)
>>> acpi0: <022108 RSDT2247> on motherboard
>>> acpi0: [ITHREAD]
>>> acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
>>> acpi0: reservation of 0, a0000 (3) failed
>>> acpi0: reservation of 100000, eff00000 (3) failed
>>> Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
>>> acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x808-0x80b on acpi0
>>> cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
>>> est0: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu0
>>> est: CPU supports Enhanced Speedstep, but is not recognized.
>>> est: cpu_vendor GenuineIntel, msr 928092806000928
>>> device_attach: est0 attach returned 6
>>> p4tcc0: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu0
>>> cpu1: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
>>> est1: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu1
>>> est: CPU supports Enhanced Speedstep, but is not recognized.
>>> est: cpu_vendor GenuineIntel, msr 928092806000928
>>> device_attach: est1 attach returned 6
>>> p4tcc1: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu1
>>> cpu2: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
>>> est2: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu2
>>> est: CPU supports Enhanced Speedstep, but is not recognized.
>>> est: cpu_vendor GenuineIntel, msr 928092806000928
>>> device_attach: est2 attach returned 6
>>> p4tcc2: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu2
>>> cpu3: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
>>> est3: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu3
>>> est: CPU supports Enhanced Speedstep, but is not recognized.
>>> est: cpu_vendor GenuineIntel, msr 928092806000928
>>> device_attach: est3 attach returned 6
>>> p4tcc3: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu3
>>> pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
>>> pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
>>> pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 1.0 on pci0
>>> pci5: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1
>>> pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 28.0 on pci0
>>> pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
>>> pcib3: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 28.4 on pci0
>>> pci3: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib3
>>> bge0: <Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet Controller, ASIC rev. 0x4201>
>>> mem
>>> 0xfeaf0000-0xfeafffff irq 16 at device 0.0 on pci3
>>> miibus0: <MII bus> on bge0
>>> brgphy0: <BCM5750 10/100/1000baseTX PHY> PHY 1 on miibus0
>>> brgphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT,
>>> 1000baseT-FDX, auto
>>> bge0: Ethernet address: 00:1f:c6:48:c8:9b
>>> bge0: [ITHREAD]
>>> pcib4: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 17 at device 28.5 on pci0
>>> pci4: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib4
>>> bge1: <Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet Controller, ASIC rev. 0x4201>
>>> mem
>>> 0xfebf0000-0xfebfffff irq 17 at device 0.0 on pci4
>>> miibus1: <MII bus> on bge1
>>> brgphy1: <BCM5750 10/100/1000baseTX PHY> PHY 1 on miibus1
>>> brgphy1:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT,
>>> 1000baseT-FDX, auto
>>> bge1: Ethernet address: 00:1f:c6:48:ca:b7
>>> bge1: [ITHREAD]
>>> pcib5: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
>>> pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib5
>>> vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0xec00-0xec7f mem
>>> 0xf8000000-0xfbffffff,0xfe9c0000-0xfe9fffff at device 4.0 on pci1
>>> isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
>>> isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
>>> atapci0: <Intel ICH7 UDMA100 controller> port
>>> 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xffa0-0xffaf at device 31.1 on pci0
>>> ata0: <ATA channel 0> on atapci0
>>> ata0: [ITHREAD]
>>> ata1: <ATA channel 1> on atapci0
>>> ata1: [ITHREAD]
>>> atapci1: <Intel ICH7 SATA300 controller> port
>>> 0xdc00-0xdc07,0xd880-0xd883,0xd800-0xd807,0xd480-0xd483,0xd400-0xd40f mem
>>> 0xfe8ffc00-0xfe8fffff irq 19 at device 31.2 on pci0
>>> atapci1: [ITHREAD]
>>> atapci1: AHCI called from vendor specific driver
>>> atapci1: AHCI Version 01.10 controller with 4 ports detected
>>> ata2: <ATA channel 0> on atapci1
>>> ata2: [ITHREAD]
>>> ata3: <ATA channel 1> on atapci1
>>> ata3: [ITHREAD]
>>> ata4: <ATA channel 2> on atapci1
>>> ata4: [ITHREAD]
>>> ata5: <ATA channel 3> on atapci1
>>> ata5: [ITHREAD]
>>> pci0: <serial bus, SMBus> at device 31.3 (no driver attached)
>>> acpi_button0: <Power Button> on acpi0
>>> orm0: <ISA Option ROM> at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff on isa0
>>> atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
>>> atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
>>> kbd0 at atkbd0
>>> atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
>>> atkbd0: [ITHREAD]
>>> sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
>>> sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
>>> sio0: configured irq 4 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
>>> sio0: port may not be enabled
>>> sio0: configured irq 4 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
>>> sio0: port may not be enabled
>>> sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
>>> sio0: type 8250 or not responding
>>> sio0: [FILTER]
>>> sio1: configured irq 3 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
>>> sio1: port may not be enabled
>>> vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
>>> Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
>>> ipfw2 (+ipv6) initialized, divert loadable, rule-based forwarding
>>> disabled,
>>> default to accept, logging limited to 5 packets/entry by default
>>> hptrr: no controller detected.
>>> acd0: DVDR <MATSHITADVD-RAM UJ-860S/1.00> at ata0-master UDMA33
>>> ad4: 476940MB <Seagate ST3500320NS SN05> at ata2-master SATA300
>>> ad6: 476940MB <Seagate ST3500320NS SN05> at ata3-master SATA300
>>> ad10: 476940MB <Seagate ST3500320NS SN05> at ata5-master SATA300
>>> ar0: 476937MB <Intel MatrixRAID RAID1> status: READY
>>> ar0: disk0 READY (master) using ad4 at ata2-master
>>> ar0: disk1 READY (mirror) using ad6 at ata3-master
>>> SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
>>> SMP: AP CPU #3 Launched!
>>> SMP: AP CPU #2 Launched!
>>> Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ar0s1a
>>> bge0: link state changed to UP
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>> Tomas Randa
>>>
>>>
>>> Igor Lyapin wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>> Hello
>>>> Got strange problem with high system "%system load" and very slow user
>>>> level
>>>> programs (apache+php+mysql) behavior
>>>> gstat shows 1.5-4% hard disk busy load but system shows about 20-30%
>>>> load
>>>> while user load is max 5%.
>>>> vmstat shows from 2 to 35 process  in "b" state.
>>>> Now use 7.0-RELEASE-p5 , but the same problem was with 7.0-RELEASE.
>>>> And have no idea what to do with this.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> #uname -a
>>>> FreeBSD i.x00.net 7.0-RELEASE-p5 FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE-p5 #0: Mon Nov 10
>>>> 19:49:07 MSK 2008     root at i.x00.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/KERNEL-4BSD
>>>>  amd64
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> #top
>>>>
>>>> last pid: 47964;  load averages:  1.26,  1.62,  1.75                 up
>>>> 0+19:17:13  17:11:06
>>>> 287 processes: 10 running, 277 sleeping
>>>> CPU states:  2.2% user,  0.0% nice, 28.3% system,  0.2% interrupt, 69.3%
>>>> idle
>>>> Mem: 1286M Active, 1729M Inact, 478M Wired, 131M Cache, 214M Buf, 302M
>>>> Free
>>>> Swap: 8192M Total, 8192M Free
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> #vmstat 5
>>>>
>>>> procs      memory      page                    disks     faults      cpu
>>>>  r b w     avm    fre   flt  re  pi  po    fr  sr ad4 ad6   in   sy   cs
>>>> us
>>>> sy id
>>>>  1 24 0 4357672 419648 10598   1   0   0 10648  34   0   0  558 25212
>>>> 9072
>>>> 6 15 80
>>>>  1 29 0 4365116 414892  3060   0   0   0  2780   0   0   0  975 12270
>>>> 11501
>>>> 3 29 68
>>>>  1 25 0 4392488 408596 14142   0   0   0 13903   0   0   0  526 16696
>>>> 10389
>>>> 6 30 64
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> #ps ax | grep " [DLW] "
>>>> 45585  ??  D      0:04.68 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 45975  ??  D      0:04.92 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 45981  ??  D      0:29.91 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 45995  ??  D      0:23.99 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46019  ??  D      0:26.76 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46160  ??  D      0:18.89 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46287  ??  D      0:19.88 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46303  ??  D      0:05.14 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46307  ??  D      0:29.15 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46398  ??  D      0:09.18 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46617  ??  D      0:02.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46767  ??  D      0:05.26 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46771  ??  D      0:02.07 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46803  ??  D      0:30.51 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46807  ??  D      0:01.34 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 46889  ??  D      0:01.35 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 47659  ??  D      0:01.54 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 47711  ??  D      0:00.92 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 47849  ??  D      0:01.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> 47877  ??  D      0:00.40 /usr/local/sbin/httpd
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>  cat ./KERNEL-4BSD | grep -v "^#"
>>>>
>>>> cpu             HAMMER
>>>> ident           KERNEL-4BSD
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> options         SCHED_4BSD              # 4BSD scheduler
>>>> options         PREEMPTION              # Enable kernel thread
>>>> preemption
>>>> options         INET                    # InterNETworking
>>>> options         INET6                   # IPv6 communications protocols
>>>> options         SCTP                    # Stream Control Transmission
>>>> Protocol
>>>> options         FFS                     # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
>>>> options         SOFTUPDATES             # Enable FFS soft updates
>>>> support
>>>> options         UFS_ACL                 # Support for access control
>>>> lists
>>>> options         UFS_DIRHASH             # Improve performance on big
>>>> directories
>>>> options         UFS_GJOURNAL            # Enable gjournal-based UFS
>>>> journaling
>>>> options         MD_ROOT                 # MD is a potential root device
>>>> options         MSDOSFS                 # MSDOS Filesystem
>>>> options         CD9660                  # ISO 9660 Filesystem
>>>> options         PROCFS                  # Process filesystem (requires
>>>> PSEUDOFS)
>>>> options         PSEUDOFS                # Pseudo-filesystem framework
>>>> options         GEOM_PART_GPT           # GUID Partition Tables.
>>>> options         GEOM_LABEL              # Provides labelization
>>>> options         COMPAT_43TTY            # BSD 4.3 TTY compat [KEEP
>>>> THIS!]
>>>> options         COMPAT_IA32             # Compatible with i386 binaries
>>>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD4         # Compatible with FreeBSD4
>>>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD5         # Compatible with FreeBSD5
>>>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD6         # Compatible with FreeBSD6
>>>> options         SCSI_DELAY=5000         # Delay (in ms) before probing
>>>> SCSI
>>>> options         KTRACE                  # ktrace(1) support
>>>> options         SYSVSHM                 # SYSV-style shared memory
>>>> options         SYSVMSG                 # SYSV-style message queues
>>>> options         SYSVSEM                 # SYSV-style semaphores
>>>> options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time
>>>> extensions
>>>> options         KBD_INSTALL_CDEV        # install a CDEV entry in /dev
>>>> options         ADAPTIVE_GIANT          # Giant mutex is adaptive.
>>>> options         STOP_NMI                # Stop CPUS using NMI instead of
>>>> IPI
>>>> options         AUDIT                   # Security event auditing
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> options         SMP                     # Symmetric MultiProcessor
>>>> Kernel
>>>>
>>>> options         IPFIREWALL
>>>> options         IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
>>>> options         IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5
>>>> options         IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
>>>>
>>>> options         QUOTA
>>>>
>>>> device          cpufreq
>>>>
>>>> device          acpi
>>>> device          pci
>>>>
>>>> device          fdc
>>>>
>>>> device          ata
>>>> device          atadisk         # ATA disk drives
>>>> device          ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
>>>> device          atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
>>>> options         ATA_STATIC_ID   # Static device numbering
>>>>
>>>> device          ahc             # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
>>>> options         AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in
>>>> debug
>>>>                                       # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
>>>> device          ahd             # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx
>>>> devices
>>>> options         AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in
>>>> debug
>>>>                                       # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
>>>> device          amd             # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
>>>> device          hptiop          # Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series
>>>> device          isp             # Qlogic family
>>>> device          mpt             # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
>>>> device          sym             # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets +
>>>> those
>>>> of `ncr')
>>>> device          trm             # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
>>>>
>>>> device          adv             # Advansys SCSI adapters
>>>> device          adw             # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
>>>> device          aic             # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters,
>>>> AIC-6[23]60.
>>>> device          bt              # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI
>>>> adapters
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> device          scbus           # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
>>>> device          ch              # SCSI media changers
>>>> device          da              # Direct Access (disks)
>>>> device          sa              # Sequential Access (tape etc)
>>>> device          cd              # CD
>>>> device          pass            # Passthrough device (direct SCSI
>>>> access)
>>>> device          ses             # SCSI Environmental Services (and
>>>> SAF-TE)
>>>>
>>>> device          amr             # AMI MegaRAID
>>>> device          arcmsr          # Areca SATA II RAID
>>>> device          ciss            # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
>>>> device          dpt             # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for
>>>> options
>>>> device          hptmv           # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
>>>> device          hptrr           # Highpoint RocketRAID 17xx, 22xx, 23xx,
>>>> 25xx
>>>> device          iir             # Intel Integrated RAID
>>>> device          ips             # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
>>>> device          mly             # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
>>>> device          twa             # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
>>>>
>>>> device          aac             # Adaptec FSA RAID
>>>> device          aacp            # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires
>>>> CAM)
>>>> device          ida             # Compaq Smart RAID
>>>> device          mfi             # LSI MegaRAID SAS
>>>> device          mlx             # Mylex DAC960 family
>>>> device          twe             # 3ware ATA RAID
>>>>
>>>> device          atkbdc          # AT keyboard controller
>>>> device          atkbd           # AT keyboard
>>>> device          psm             # PS/2 mouse
>>>>
>>>> device          kbdmux          # keyboard multiplexer
>>>>
>>>> device          vga             # VGA video card driver
>>>>
>>>> device          splash          # Splash screen and screen saver support
>>>>
>>>> device          sc
>>>>
>>>> device          agp             # support several AGP chipsets
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> device          sio             # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
>>>> device          uart            # Generic UART driver
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> device          de              # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
>>>> device          em              # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit
>>>> Ethernet
>>>> Card
>>>> device          ixgb            # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
>>>> device          le              # AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx PCnet
>>>> device          txp             # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
>>>> device          vx              # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
>>>>
>>>> device          miibus          # MII bus support
>>>> device          bce             # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit
>>>> Ethernet
>>>> device          bfe             # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
>>>> device          bge             # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
>>>> device          dc              # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
>>>> device          fxp             # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557,
>>>> 82558)
>>>> device          lge             # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit Ethernet
>>>> device          msk             # Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit
>>>> Ethernet
>>>> device          nfe             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet
>>>> device          nge             # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit Ethernet
>>>> device          pcn             # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence
>>>> over
>>>> 'le')
>>>> device          re              # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
>>>> device          rl              # RealTek 8129/8139
>>>> device          sf              # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
>>>> device          sis             # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS
>>>> 7016
>>>> device          sk              # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit
>>>> Ethernet
>>>> device          ste             # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
>>>> device          ti              # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit
>>>> Ethernet
>>>> device          tl              # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
>>>> device          tx              # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
>>>> device          vge             # VIA VT612x gigabit Ethernet
>>>> device          vr              # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
>>>> device          wb              # Winbond W89C840F
>>>> device          xl              # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'',
>>>> ``Cyclone'')
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> device          loop            # Network loopback
>>>> device          random          # Entropy device
>>>> device          ether           # Ethernet support
>>>> device          sl              # Kernel SLIP
>>>> device          ppp             # Kernel PPP
>>>> device          tun             # Packet tunnel.
>>>> device          pty             # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
>>>> device          md              # Memory "disks"
>>>> device          gif             # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
>>>> device          faith           # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
>>>> device          firmware        # firmware assist module
>>>>
>>>> device          bpf             # Berkeley packet filter
>>>>
>>>> device          uhci            # UHCI PCI->USB interface
>>>> device          ohci            # OHCI PCI->USB interface
>>>> device          ehci            # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
>>>> device          usb             # USB Bus (required)
>>>> device          ugen            # Generic
>>>> device          uhid            # "Human Interface Devices"
>>>> device          ukbd            # Keyboard
>>>> device          umass           # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus
>>>> and
>>>> da
>>>> device          ums             # Mouse
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>


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