Making bootable USB keys
Dimitri Yioulos
dyioulos at firstbhph.com
Thu Sep 3 16:35:39 UTC 2009
On Thursday 03 September 2009 11:35:34 am Samuel
Martín Moro wrote:
> Hello
>
> I'm having some troubles, trying to create
> bootable USB keys. I found (freebsd-hackers ML
> archives) a script, supposed to create the
> bootable image from my iso file.
> But, it still don't boot... (I may do it wrong)
>
> In details:
> -We distribute a FreeBSD (4.7, 5.4, 6.2 and
> 7.2) "custom" server. -We burn our install CD
> (and, in a few, our USB sticks) on a Ferdora 9
> (sorry...)
> -USB sticks must contain a FAT32 partition
> (we'ld like to provide doc for windows users)
>
> Well, my english isn't so great... so I'll post
> my code (more understandable)
>
> --maker.sh--
> #!/bin/sh
> ISO_DIR=/r00t
> ISO_PFIX=r00t
> VERSION=5.9.3.0
> ISO_FILE=$ISO_DIR/$ISO_PFIX-$VERSION.img
> DEVICE=
> TMPDOC=/mnt/tmpdoc
> DOCDIR=/root/samuel/docdir
> ERR=
> SFX=
> MBR=/root/samuel/mbr
> BT1=/root/samuel/boot1
> BT2=/root/samuel/boot2
>
> if [ -e "$1" ]; then
> DEVICE=$1
> elif [ "$1" -a -e "/dev/$1" ]; then
> DEVICE=/dev/$1
> elif [ "$1" ]; then
> echo "$0: incorrect device specified" >&2
> exit
> else
> echo "$0: must specify device" >&2
> exit
> fi
> for i in `mount | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
> do
> if [ "`echo $i | grep $DEVICE`" ]; then
> echo "$0: $i already mounted" >&2
> echo " umount it manually or
> choose an other drive" >&2 exit
> fi
> done
>
> if [ -e "$TMPDOC" -a -d "$TMPDOC" ]; then
> echo "$0: removing $TMPDOC directory" >&2
> rm -rf $TMPDOC
> elif [ -e "$TMPDOC" ]; then
> mv $TMPDOC $TMPDOC.old
> echo "$0: moved $TMPDOC to $TMPDOC.old" >&2
> fi
> mkdir $TMPDOC
>
> if [ "$2" ]; then
> echo $2 | grep "\.img$" >/dev/null ||
> SFX=".img" fi
>
> if [ -e "$2$SFX" ]; then
> ISO_FILE=$2$SFX
> elif [ "$2" -a -e "$ISO_DIR/$2$SFX" ]; then
> ISO_FILE=$ISO_DIR/$2
> elif [ "$2" -a -e "$ISO_DIR/$ISO_PFIX-$2$SFX"
> ]; then ISO_FILE="$ISO_DIR/$ISO_PFX-$2$SFX"
> else
> echo "$0: will use default file
> \`$ISO_FILE'" >&2 echo " as system
> image source" >&2 fi
> if [ -e "$ISO_FILE" ]; then
> MSize=`ls -l $ISO_FILE | awk '{print $5}'`
> else
> echo "$0: $ISO_FILE doesn't exist!" >&2
> rm -rf $TMPDOC
> exit
> fi
> if [ -z "$MSize" -o "$MSize" -lt 1 ]; then
> echo "$0: bad image size (size=$MSize)" >&2
> rm -rf $TMPDOC
> exit
> fi
>
> while :
> do
> echo " [ Working on $DEVICE ]"
>
> echo -n " determining device geometry "
> infos=`fdisk -l $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep
> "[0-9]* heads"` ident=`fdisk -l $DEVICE
> 2>/dev/null | awk '/Disk identifier/{print
> $3}'` csz=`fdisk -l $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | awk
> '/Units = cylinders /{print $7}'`
> eval `echo $infos | awk '{print "hpc=" $1 "
> sec=" $3 " cyl=" $5}'` if [ -z "$hpc" -o -z
> "$sec" -o -z "$cyl" -o -z "$csz" ]; then echo "
> [ FAIL ]"
> echo "$0: can't get infos for device
> $DEVICE" >&2 rm -rf $TMPDOC
> exit
> fi
> echo " [ OK ]"
>
> echo -n " initializing partition table "
> # dd if=/dev/zero of=$DEVICE bs=$csz count=1
> >/dev/null 2>&1 dd if=$BT1 of=$DEVICE
> >/dev/null 2>&1 round=128
> tocyl=`expr $hpc '*' $sec '*' $csz`
> ret=`expr $MSize % $tocyl`
> MSize=`expr $MSize / $tocyl`
> test "$ret" -eq "0" || MSize=`expr $MSize +
> 1` s2len=$MSize
> s2off=`expr $cyl - $s2len - 1`
> s1len=`expr $s2off - 1`
> s1off=1
> sfdisk -DLqf $DEVICE >/dev/null 2>&1 <<EOF
> $s1off $s1len b
> $s2off $s2len a5 *
> EOF
> echo " [ OK ]"
>
> echo -n " formatting FAT32 partition "
> dd if=/dev/zero of=${DEVICE}1 bs=$csz
> count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 mkdosfs -i 42424242 -n
> "Docs" -F 32 ${DEVICE}1 >/dev/null 2>&1 mount
> -t vfat ${DEVICE}1 $TMPDOC || ERR=1 if [ "$ERR"
> ]; then
> echo " [ FAIL ]"
> echo "$0: unable to mount ${DEVICE}1 on
> $TMPDOC" rm -rf $TMPDOC
> exit
> fi
> echo " [ OK ]"
>
> echo -n " copying documentation files "
> cp -rp $DOCDIR/* $TMPDOC/ >/dev/null 2>&1
> || ERR=2 if [ "$ERR" ]; then
> echo " [ FAIL ]"
> echo "$0: unable to copy doc files"
> ERR=
> fi
> umount ${DEVICE}1
> echo " [ OK ]"
>
> echo -n " copying system "
> dd if=$ISO_FILE of=${DEVICE}2 status=noxfer
> >/dev/null 2>&1 echo " [ OK ]"
>
> mbrsig $DEVICE 2>&1 | awk '{print "
> marking device with serial " $3 }'
> echo " [ Device ready! ]"
> echo ""
> echo -n "<?> Create new USB key ? [Y/N] :
> " && read i test "$i" = "Y" -o "$i" = "y" -o
> "$i" = "O" -o "$i" = "o" || i= test -z "$i" &&
> echo " [ leaving ]" && break echo " Please,
> remove current USB key, insert new one and
> press enter" read i
> done
> rmdir $TMPDOC
> --EOF--
>
> So, this is a "USB stick generator" I'm working
> on. It seems to work. (I've not tested
> everything, but the basis is OK) The stick is
> correctly parted.
> The documentation is copied.
> My only problem is that it still don't wan't to
> boot...
>
> At the beginning, I was trying to paste my ISO
> file directly in ${DEVICE}2 Then, I found the
> following shell script, which is supposed to
> make my bootable image from my ISO file
> I changed 2/3 things, but some of you may
> recognize it anyway:
>
> --ISOtoIMG.sh--
> #!/bin/sh
> MAKEFS=makefs
> MKLABEL=bsdlabel
> BSDTAR=tar
> DD="dd status=noxfer"
>
> make_freebsd_image()
> {
> local tree=$1
> local imagefile=$2
> local boot1=${tree}/boot/boot1
> local boot2=${tree}/boot/boot2
>
> echo "convert tree $tree image $imagefile"
> ${MAKEFS} -t ffs -o bsize=4096 -o fsize=512
> -f 50 ${imagefile} ${tree}
>
> >/dev/null 2>&1
>
> ${MKLABEL} -w -f ${imagefile} auto >/dev/null
> 2>&1 ${MKLABEL} -f ${imagefile} 2>/dev/null |
> sed -e '/ c:/{p;s/c:/a:/;}' | \ ${MKLABEL} -R
> -f ${imagefile} /dev/stdin >/dev/null 2>&1
> ${DD} if=${boot1} of=${imagefile} conv=notrunc
> >/dev/null 2>&1 ${DD} if=${boot2} iseek=1
> ibs=276 2>/dev/null | \ ${DD} of=${imagefile}
> oseek=1 obs=788 conv=notrunc >/dev/null 2>&1 }
>
> extract_image()
> {
> [ -f $1 ] || return
> local tmp="${tree}.tree"
> [ -e ${tmp} ] && rm -rf ${tmp}
> mkdir -p $tmp
> echo "extracting $tree in $tmp"
> (cd $tmp && ${BSDTAR} xf $tree)
> tree=$tmp
> }
>
> if [ -z "$1" ]; then
> echo "$0: usage" >&2
> echo " $0 {ISO_input} | {system_root
> IMG_output}" >&2 exit
> fi
> tree=`realpath $1`
> [ "$2" ] && image=`realpath $2` || image=`echo
> $tree | sed "s/.iso/.img/"` extract_image $tree
> make_freebsd_image $tree $image
> [ -d "$tmp" ] && (chmod -R +w $tmp && rm -rf
> $tmp) --EOF--
>
> This seems to work, too...
> I'm just surprised:
> root at granit:~/samuel# l -h /r00t/r00t-5.9.3.0*
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 566M 2009-09-03 15:29
> /r00t/r00t-5.9.3.0.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root
> 526M 2009-08-08 06:58 /r00t/r00t-5.9.3.0.iso
> new file is 40M heavier than our iso image...
>
> Also, in the first script, I tried to do the
> first dd (initializing ${DEVICE}) with:
> - if=$MBR
> - if=$BT1
> - if=$BT2
> - if=/dev/zero
> none of that worked...
>
> So.
> Does someone understand what am I doing wrong?!
>
>
> Thanks for you help!
>
> Samuel Martín Moro
> CamTrace
> {EPITECH.} tek4
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Might want to try UNetbootin.
Dimitri
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