I lost ten percent of disk place in each partition, why?

[Greg 'groggy' Lehey]

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On Friday, 10 December 2004 at 18:49:35 -0800, Liu Haixiao wrote:
> Dir sir:
> Please look at this:
>
>> df
> Filesystem  1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
> /dev/ad0s1a    253678   36588   196796    16%    /
> devfs               1       1        0   100%    /dev
> /dev/ad0s2e  20154808 5938198 12604226    32%    /mnt/s2
> /dev/ad0s3e  18803906       2 17299592     0%    /mnt/s3
> /dev/ad0s1e    253678      12   233372     0%    /tmp
> /dev/ad0s1f  18836160 1591380 15737888     9%    /usr
> /dev/ad0s1d    253678   10452   222932     4%    /var
>
> Used + Avail = 0.92 * 1K-blocks, that means I lost 10% disk space,
> why?

That's the way the file system works.  The last 11% are reserved for
root.  You can change it with tunefs(8) if you want (see the -m flag),
but you shouldn't want.

FWIW, this is fairly typical.  Microsoft does it as well.  Here's what
I get from an empty flash card from my digital camera:

  $ mount -v | grep camera
  /dev/da0s1 on /camera (msdosfs, local, reads: sync 3 async 0, fsid 1e04000004000000)
  $ df /camera
  Filesystem 1048576-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
  /dev/da0s1            121   11   109    10%    /camera
  $ ls -Rl /camera/
  total 1
  drwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  16384 Feb 23  2004 dcim

  /camera/dcim:
  total 1
  drwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  16384 Feb 23  2004 100ricoh

  /camera/dcim/100ricoh:
  total 0

Greg
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