Use of C99 extra long double math functions after r236148
Stephen Montgomery-Smith
stephen at missouri.edu
Mon Jul 30 01:43:23 UTC 2012
On 07/29/2012 07:21 PM, Stephen Montgomery-Smith wrote:
> On 07/29/2012 06:53 PM, Peter Jeremy wrote:
>> [Pruning CC list to keep mailman happy]]
>
> I had mailman complain to me in my last post. But it only took the
> moderator a few minutes to let it through.
>
>>
>> On 2012-Jul-29 17:39:27 -0500, Stephen Montgomery-Smith
>> <stephen at missouri.edu> wrote:
>>> On 07/29/2012 05:27 PM, Peter Jeremy wrote:
>>>> WG14/N1256 G.6. I hadn't considered extending that to verifying that
>>>> purely real or imaginary inputs give purely real or imaginary outputs,
>>>> with the appropriately signed zero. This might be reasonable but it's
>>>> not completely trivial to implement in general since the domains of
>>>> the real part can be different.
>>>
>>> Maybe this should be a different program, since its logical structure
>>> would be quite different. In particular, you wouldn't be checking the
>>> value of the non-zero parts.
>>
>> Adding code to skip checks on the real or imaginary part of the
>> result is quite easy.
>>
>>> Also I forgot that the real part of casinh(0+I*x) isn't always 0. If
>>> |x|>1, it is something non-zero. And so you need to check that
>>> creal(casinh(0+I*x)) and creal(casinh(-0+I*x)) have opposite signs in
>>> this case.
>>
>> This is related to my "domains can be different" comment. Adding code
>> to restrict the domain of the argument to be compatible with the real
>> function isn't too hard (off the top of my head, I think the domains
>> are all one of [-1,1], [0,Inf] or (0,Inf]). Handling behaviour
>> outside that domain requires more special-casing because the behaviour
>> is less consistent.
>
> I have a rather good handle on what that behavior will be for the
> complex arc-functions (since I have been working hard on them recently).
>
> casinh(x+I*y) and casin(x+I*y) have positive real and imaginary parts if
> x and y are positive. (Positive in this context includes 0, but not -0.)
>
> In particular:
> the sign of creal(casinh(z)) is the same as the sign of x;
> the sign of cimag(casinh(z)) is the same as the sign of y;
> the sign of creal(casin(z)) is the same as the sign of x;
> the sign of cimag(casin(z)) is the same as the sign of y;
>
> cacosh(z) and cacos(z) always have positive real part.
>
> The imaginary part of cacos(x+I*y) has the opposite sign to x (since it
> is PI/2 - casin(x+I*y)
Oops
The imaginary part of cacos(x+I*y) has the opposite sign to y (since it
is PI/2 - casin(x+I*y)
>
> The imaginary part of cacosh(x+I*y) has the same sign as x.
The imaginary part of cacosh(x+I*y) has the same sign as y.
>
> The signs for catanh and catan are exactly the same as for casinh and
> casin.
>
>
>
> For clog:
>
> The imaginary part of clog(x+I*y) has the same sign as y.
> The real part of clog will never be -0, and this doesn't have to be
> checked.
>
>
> I am fairly sure I got these correct. If your program starts spitting
> out huge numbers of errors, then I am wrong. But it won't take me long
> to figure out which ones I got wrong.
>
>>
>>>> I'm less sure of the next logical
>>>> step, which is to check things like
>>>> casinh(x + I*0) = asinh(x) + I*0
>>>
>>> Does C99 mandate this?
>>
>> Nope. They are just mathematical equivalences (at least within the
>> domains supported by the real function). POLA implies that they
>> should be true but unless they are special-cased, the complex variant
>> probably has less accuracy as a result of the additional calculations
>> to support the imaginary component.
>>
>>> My programs probably won't satisfy this, because
>>> I realized that the computation works in these cases anyway. Of course,
>>> it would be easy to make it happen.
>>
>> It's probably up to the implementation - special casing pure real or
>> imaginary arguments should give those cases a shorter and simpler (and
>> therefore faster and more accurate) calculation but it's a matter of
>> whether this case in common enough to justify the additional test(s)
>> in all cases.
>>
>> It's also just occurred to me that doing so may result in unexpected
>> output discontinuities between cfoo(x-I*tiny), cfoo(x-I*0), cfoo(x+I*0)
>> and cfoo(x+I*tiny).
>
> Since the functions are correct within a few ULP, you shouldn't see any
> discontinuities like this. The algorithms I coded are meant to be
> rather good at handling these situations.
>
>
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