docs/109929: [patch] sync sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 with sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8
Alex Kozlov
spam at rm-rf.kiev.ua
Mon Mar 5 18:00:18 UTC 2007
The following reply was made to PR docs/109929; it has been noted by GNATS.
From: Alex Kozlov <spam at rm-rf.kiev.ua>
To: bug-followup at FreeBSD.org, spam at rm-rf.kiev.ua
Cc:
Subject: Re: docs/109929: [patch] sync sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8 with
sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8
Date: Mon, 5 Mar 2007 19:58:36 +0200
Patch against current:
--- fdisk.8
+++ fdisk.8.new
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-.\" $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8,v 1.18 2006/09/18 11:55:09 ru Exp $
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8,v 1.15 2004/07/02 21:45:01 ru Exp $
.\"
-.Dd February 26, 2006
+.Dd Mar 05, 2007
.Dt FDISK 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm fdisk
-.Nd NEC PC-98x1 partition table maintenance program
+.Nd NEC PC-98x1 slice table maintenance utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl BIaistuv
-.Op Fl b Ar bootcode
-.Op Fl 1234
+.\" !PC98 .Op Fl b Ar bootcode
+.Op Fl 12345678
.Op Ar disk
.Nm
.Fl f Ar configfile
@@ -20,75 +20,74 @@
In order for the BIOS to boot the kernel,
certain conventions must be adhered to.
Sector 0 of the disk must contain boot code,
-a partition table,
+a slice table,
and a magic number.
-BIOS partitions can be used to break the disk up into several pieces.
+BIOS slices can be used to break the disk up into several pieces.
The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number.
The sector
-0 boot code then searches the partition table to determine which
-partition is marked
-.Em active .
+0 boot code then searches the slice table to determine which
+slice is marked
+.Dq active .
This boot code then brings in the bootstrap from the
-.Em active
-partition and, if marked bootable, runs it.
-Under DOS,
-you can have one or more partitions with one
-.Em active .
-The DOS
+active slice and, if marked bootable, runs it.
+Under
+.Tn DOS ,
+you can have one or more slices with one active.
+The
+.Tn DOS
.Nm
-utility can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one
-.Em active .
+utility can be used to divide space on the disk into slices and set one
+active.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fx
-.Nm
-utility serves a similar purpose to the DOS program.
+utility,
+.Nm ,
+serves a similar purpose to the
+.Tn DOS
+utility.
The first form is used to
-display partition information or to interactively edit the partition
+display slice information or to interactively edit the slice
table.
-The second is used to write a partition table using a
-.Ar configfile
+The second is used to write a slice table using a
+.Ar configfile ,
and is designed to be used by other scripts/programs.
.Pp
Options are:
-.Bl -tag -width time
+.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl a
-Change the active partition only.
+Change the active slice only.
Ignored if
.Fl f
is given.
-.It Fl b Ar bootcode
-Get the boot code from the file
-.Ar bootcode .
+.\" !PC98 .It Fl b Ar bootcode
+.\" Get the boot code from the file
+.\" .Ar bootcode .
+.\" Default is
+.\" .Pa /boot/mbr .
.It Fl B
Reinitialize the boot code contained in sector 0 of the disk.
-Ignored
-if
+Ignored if
.Fl f
is given.
-.It Fl I
-Initialize the partition table.
-One
-.Fx
-slice covering the entire disk will be created.
-Some space at the start of the disk will reserved for the IPL program
-and the pc98 partition table itself.
.It Fl f Ar configfile
-Set partition values using the file
+Set slice values using the file
.Ar configfile .
The
.Ar configfile
-always modifies existing partitions, unless
+only modifies explicitly specified slices, unless
.Fl i
-is also given, in which case all existing partitions are deleted (marked
-as "unused") before the
+is also given, in which case all existing slices are deleted (marked
+as
+.Dq unused )
+before the
.Ar configfile
is read.
The
.Ar configfile
-can be "-", in which case
-.Ar stdin
-is read.
+can be
+.Sq Fl ,
+in which case standard input is read.
See
.Sx CONFIGURATION FILE ,
below, for file syntax.
@@ -96,27 +95,34 @@
.Em WARNING :
when
.Fl f
-is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the partition
+is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the slices
table (as you are in the interactive mode).
Use with caution!
.It Fl i
Initialize sector 0 of the disk.
-This implies
-.Fl u ,
-unless
-.Fl f
-is given.
+Existing slice entries will be cleared
+(marked as unused) before editing.
+(Compare with
+.Fl u . )
+.It Fl I
+Initialize sector 0 slice table
+for one
+.Fx
+slice covering the entire disk.
+Some space at the start of the disk will reserved for the IPL program
+and the pc98 partition table itself.
+
.It Fl s
Print summary information and exit.
.It Fl t
-Test mode; do not write partition values.
+Test mode; do not write slice values.
Generally used with the
.Fl f
-option to see what would be written to the partition table.
+option to see what would be written to the slice table.
Implies
.Fl v .
.It Fl u
-Is used for updating (editing) sector 0 of the disk.
+Update (edit) the disk's sector 0 slice table.
Ignored if
.Fl f
is given.
@@ -126,32 +132,28 @@
.Fl f
is used,
.Nm
-prints out the partition table that is written to the disk.
+prints out the slice table that is written to the disk.
.It Fl 12345678
-Operate on a single fdisk entry only.
+Operate on a single slice table entry only.
Ignored if
.Fl f
is given.
.El
.Pp
The final disk name can be provided as a
-.Sq bare
+.Dq bare
disk name only, e.g.\&
-.Ql da0 ,
-or as a fully qualified device node under
-.Pa /dev .
-If omitted, the disks
-.Ql wd0 ,
-.Ql da0 ,
-and
-.Ql od0
-are being searched in that order, until one is
-being found responding.
+.Pa da0 ,
+or as a full pathname.
+If omitted,
+.Nm
+tries to figure out the default disk device name from the
+mounted root device.
.Pp
-When called with no arguments, it prints the sector 0 partition table.
+When called with no arguments, it prints the sector 0 slice table.
An example follows:
.Bd -literal
- ******* Working on device /dev/rda0 *******
+ ******* Working on device /dev/da0 *******
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=33075 heads=8 sectors/track=32 (256 blks/cyl)
@@ -203,155 +205,149 @@
<UNUSED>
.Ed
.Pp
-The disk is divided into three partitions that happen to fill the disk.
-The second partition overlaps the end of the first.
-(Used for debugging purposes)
-.Bl -tag -width "cyl, sector and head"
-.It Em "sysmid"
-is used to label the partition.
+The disk is divided into two slices that happen to fill the disk.
+.Bl -tag -width ".Em cyl , sector No and Em head"
+.It Em sysmid
+is used to label the slice.
.Fx
reserves the
magic number 148 decimal (94 in hex).
-.It Em start No and Em size
+.It Xo
+.Em start
+and
+.Em size
+.Xc
fields provide the start address
-and size of a partition in sectors.
+and size of a slice in sectors.
.\" !PC98 .It Em "flag 80"
-.\" specifies that this is the active partition.
-.It Em cyl , sector No and Em head
-fields are used to specify the beginning address
-and end address for the partition.
-.It Em "system Name"
+.\" specifies that this is the active slice.
+.It Xo
+.Em cyl , sector
+and
+.Em head
+.Xc
+fields are used to specify the beginning and end addresses of the slice.
+.It Xo
+.Em "system Name"
+.Xc
is the name of the partition.
-.It Em Note :
+.El
+.Pp
+.Em Note :
these numbers are calculated using BIOS's understanding of the disk geometry
and saved in the bootblock.
-.El
.Pp
-The flags
+The
.Fl i
-or
+and
.Fl u
-are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated, unless the
-.Fl f
-option is used.
-If the
+flags are used to indicate that the slice data is to be updated.
+Unless the
.Fl f
-option is not used, the
+option is also given,
.Nm
-utility will enter a conversational mode.
-This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to.
-The
+will enter a conversational mode.
+In this mode, no changes will be written to disk unless you explicitly tell
.Nm
-utility selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior.
+to.
.Pp
-It displays each partition
-and ask if you want to edit it.
+The
+.Nm
+utility will display each slice and ask whether you want to edit it.
If you say yes,
-it will step through each field showing the old value
-and asking for a new one.
-When you are done with a partition,
.Nm
-will display it and ask if it is correct.
-The
+will step through each field, show you the old value,
+and ask you for a new one.
+When you are done with the slice,
.Nm
-utility will then proceed to the next entry.
+will display it and ask you whether it is correct.
+It will then proceed to the next entry.
.Pp
Getting the
.Em cyl , sector ,
and
.Em head
-fields correct is tricky.
-So by default,
+fields correct is tricky, so by default,
they will be calculated for you;
-you can specify them if you choose.
+you can specify them if you choose to though.
.Pp
-After all the partitions are processed,
+After all the slices are processed,
you are given the option to change the
-.Em active
-partition.
-Finally,
-when the all the data for the first sector has been accumulated,
-you are asked if you really want to rewrite sector 0.
-Only if you answer yes,
-will the data be written to disk.
+.Dq active
+slice.
+Finally, when all the new data for sector 0 has been accumulated,
+you are asked to confirm whether you really want to rewrite it.
.Pp
The difference between the
.Fl u
-flag and
+and
.Fl i
-flag is that
+flags is that
the
.Fl u
-flag just edits the fields as they appear on the disk.
-While the
+flag edits (updates) the existing slice parameters
+while the
.Fl i
-flag is used to "initialize" sector 0;
-it will setup the last BIOS partition to use the whole disk for
-.Fx ;
+flag is used to
+.Dq initialize
+them (old values will be ignored);
+if you edit the first slice,
+.Fl i
+will also set it up to use the whole disk for
+.Fx
and make it active.
.Sh NOTES
The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc.\& uses
-a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the
-geometry of the drive.
-These figures are by default taken from the incore disklabel,
-but the program initially gives you an opportunity to change them.
-This allows the user to create a bootblock that can work with drives
+a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks the
+geometry of the drive is.
+These figures are taken from the in-core disklabel by default,
+but
+.Nm
+initially gives you an opportunity to change them.
+This allows you to create a bootblock that can work with drives
that use geometry translation under the BIOS.
.Pp
If you hand craft your disk layout,
please make sure that the
.Fx
-partition starts on a cylinder boundary.
-A number of decisions made later may assume this.
-(This might not be necessary later.)
+slice starts on a cylinder boundary.
.Pp
-Editing an existing partition will most likely cause you to
-lose all the data in that partition.
+Editing an existing slice will most likely result in the loss of
+all data in that slice.
.Pp
-You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it
-works.
+You should run
+.Nm
+interactively once or twice to see how it works.
This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question
in the negative.
-There are subtleties that the program detects that are
-not fully explained in this manual page.
+There are subtleties that
+.Nm
+detects that are not fully explained in this manual page.
.Sh CONFIGURATION FILE
When the
.Fl f
-option is given, a disk's partition table can be written using values
+option is given, a disk's slice table can be written using values
from a
.Ar configfile .
-The syntax of this file is very simple.
-Each line is either a comment or
-a specification, and whitespace (except for newlines) are ignored:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Xo
+The syntax of this file is very simple;
+each line is either a comment or a specification, as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Ic # Ar comment ...
+Lines beginning with a
.Ic #
-.Ar comment ...
-.Xc
-Lines beginning with a "#" are comments and are ignored.
-.It Xo
-.Ic g
-.Ar spec1
-.Ar spec2
-.Ar spec3
-.Xc
-Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations.
+are comments and are ignored.
+.It Ic g Ar spec1 spec2 spec3
+Set the BIOS geometry used in slice calculations.
There must be
three values specified, with a letter preceding each number:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.Sm off
-.It Cm c Ar num
-.Sm on
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm c Ns Ar num
Set the number of cylinders to
.Ar num .
-.Sm off
-.It Cm h Ar num
-.Sm on
+.It Cm h Ns Ar num
Set the number of heads to
.Ar num .
-.Sm off
-.It Cm s Ar num
-.Sm on
+.It Cm s Ns Ar num
Set the number of sectors/track to
.Ar num .
.El
@@ -359,7 +355,7 @@
These specs can occur in any order, as the leading letter determines
which value is which; however, all three must be specified.
.Pp
-This line must occur before any lines that specify partition
+This line must occur before any lines that specify slice
information.
.Pp
It is an error if the following is not true:
@@ -370,12 +366,14 @@
.Ed
.Pp
The number of cylinders should be less than or equal to 1024, but this
-is not enforced, although a warning will be output.
+is not enforced, although a warning will be printed.
Note that bootable
.Fx
-partitions (the "/" file system) must lie completely within the
+slices (the
+.Dq Pa /
+file system) must lie completely within the
first 1024 cylinders; if this is not true, booting may fail.
-Non-bootable partitions do not have this restriction.
+Non-bootable slices do not have this restriction.
.Pp
Example (all of these are equivalent), for a disk with 1019 cylinders,
39 heads, and 63 sectors:
@@ -384,15 +382,9 @@
g h39 c1019 s63
g s63 h39 c1019
.Ed
-.It Xo
-.Ic p
-.Ar partition
-.Ar type
-.Ar start
-.Ar length
-.Xc
-Set the partition given by
-.Ar partition
+.It Ic p Ar slice type start length
+Set the slice given by
+.Ar slice
(1-4) to type
.Ar type ,
starting at sector
@@ -401,27 +393,35 @@
.Ar length
sectors.
.Pp
-Only those partitions explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified;
-any partition not referenced by a "p" line will not be modified.
-However, if an invalid partition table is present, or the
+Only those slices explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified;
+any slice not referenced by a
+.Ic p
+line will not be modified.
+However, if an invalid slice table is present, or the
.Fl i
-option is specified, all existing partition entries will be cleared
-(marked as unused), and these "p" lines will have to be used to
-explicitly set partition information.
-If multiple partitions need to be
-set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each partition.
+option is specified, all existing slice entries will be cleared
+(marked as unused), and these
+.Ic p
+lines will have to be used to
+explicitly set slice information.
+If multiple slices need to be
+set, multiple
+.Ic p
+lines must be specified; one for each slice.
.Pp
-These partition lines must occur after any geometry specification lines,
+These slice lines must occur after any geometry specification lines,
if one is present.
.Pp
The
.Ar type
is 165 for
.Fx
-partitions.
-Specifying a partition type of zero is
-the same as clearing the partition and marking it as unused; however,
-dummy values (such as "0") must still be specified for
+slices.
+Specifying a slice type of zero is
+the same as clearing the slice and marking it as unused; however,
+dummy values (such as
+.Dq 0 )
+must still be specified for
.Ar start
and
.Ar length .
@@ -430,55 +430,55 @@
necessary, and the end offset will be rounded downwards to a cylinder
boundary if necessary.
.Pp
-Example: to clear partition 4 and mark it as unused:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-p 4 0 0 0
-.Ed
+Example: to clear slice 4 and mark it as unused:
.Pp
-Example: to set partition 1 to a
+.Dl "p 4 0 0 0"
+.Pp
+Example: to set slice 1 to a
.Fx
-partition, starting at sector 1
+slice, starting at sector 1
for 2503871 sectors (note: these numbers will be rounded upwards and
downwards to correspond to head and cylinder boundaries):
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-p 1 165 1 2503871
-.Ed
-.It Xo
-.Ic a
-.Ar partition
-.Xc
+.Pp
+.Dl "p 1 165 1 2503871"
+.It Ic a Ar slice
Make
-.Ar partition
-the active partition.
+.Ar slice
+the active slice.
Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only
one must be present.
.Pp
-Example: to make partition 1 the active partition:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-a 1
-.Ed
-.El
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /boot/mbr -compact
-.It Pa /boot/mbr
-The default boot code
+Example: to make slice 1 the active slice:
+.Pp
+.Dl "a 1"
.El
+.\" !PC98 .Sh FILES
+.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/mbr" -compact
+.\" .It Pa /boot/mbr
+.\" The default boot code.
+.\" .El
.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr disklabel 8
+.Xr boot98cfg 8 ,
+.Xr bsdlabel 8 ,
+.Xr newfs 8
.Sh BUGS
-The default boot code will not necessarily handle all partition types
-correctly, in particular those introduced since MS-DOS 6.x.
+The default boot code will not necessarily handle all slice types
+correctly, in particular those introduced since
+.Tn MS-DOS
+6.x.
.Pp
-The entire program should be made more user-friendly.
+The entire utility should be made more user-friendly.
.Pp
-Throughout this man page, the term
-.Sq partition
-is used where it should actually be
-.Sq slice ,
-in order to conform with the terms used elsewhere.
+Most users new to
+.Fx
+do not understand the difference between
+.Dq slice
+and
+.Dq partition ,
+causing difficulty to adjust.
.Pp
You cannot use this command to completely dedicate a disk to
.Fx .
The
-.Xr disklabel 8
+.Xr bsdlabel 8
command must be used for this.
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